RESULTS 


Circular  No.  35.] 


OF  THE 

SOIL  TEST  OF  FERTILIZERS, 

CONDUCTED  UNDER  THE  DIRECTION  OF  THE  COMMISSIONER 
OF  AGRICULTURE  OF  THE  STATE  OF  GEORGIA. 

FOR  THE  YEAR  1876. 


ALSO, 


< 


ANALYSES  OF  FERTILIZERS 


To  be  Sold  in  Georgia  in  1877. 


WITH  THE  COMMERCIAL  VALUES  AND  PRICES  OF 

EACH  BRAND. 


ALSO,  FORMULAE  AND  DIRECTIONS  FOR  COM¬ 
POSTING  ;  AND  COMMENTS  ON  THE  EX¬ 
PERIMENTS  AND  ANALYSES. 


ATLANTA,  GEORGIA, 


JANUARY,  1877. 


* 


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SOIL  TEST  OF  FERTILIZERS 

FOR  1876. 


The  Commissioner  of  Agriculture  required  500  lbs.  of 
each  brand  of  ferti.  zer  sold  in  Georgia,  to  be  subjected  to 
a  thorough  soil  test.  The  persons  designated  to  make  this 
test  were  selected  from  among  the  most  intelligent  and 
careful  farmers  in  the  State.  As  far  as  possible,  each  sam¬ 
ple  of  500  lbs.  was  divided  into  three  equal  portions,  and 
one  portion  sent  to  each  section  of  the  State — Northern, 
Middle,  and  Southern  Georgia.  And  as  far  as  possible,  an 
ammoniated  and  a  non-ammoniated  fertilizer  was  sent  to 
each  experimenter. 

The  following  directions  for  conducting  the  test  (being  a 
reprint  of  special  circular  No.  16  of  the  Department,  dated 
3d  February,  1876,)  were  sent  to  each  person  selected  to 
make  the  test,  and  a  promise  received  in  every  case,  to 
conduct  the  same  according  to  the  rules,  before  any  sam  • 
pie  was  sent : 

Persons  to  whom  samples  of  fertilizers  are  submitted  for  thorough  and 
practical  test,  are  required  to  conduct  their  experiments  in  a  manner  that 
will  set  forth  results  fully  and  fairly,  and  report  the  same  promptly  by  the 
first  day  of  December  to  this  Department,  giving  full  details,  as  follows: 

1.  State  the  character  of  the  soil  and  subsoil  in  which  the  test  is  made, 
whether  sandy,  clayey,  marly  or  calcareous,  and  whether  upland  or 
bottom. 

2.  Select  a  plat  of  land  as  nearly  uniform  in  character  and  fertility  as 
possible. 

8.  On  this  plat  lay  off  rows,  if  the  test  is  made  with  cotton,  three  feet 
wide,  and  either  85  or  70  yards  long.  Apply  each  fertilizer  to  four  con' 
eecutive  row’s,  leaving  four  rows  unfertilized  between  those  fertilized  with 
different  brands;  thus,  A  four  rows  ;  without  fertilizer  four  rows  ;  B  four 
rows;  without  fertilizer  four  ;  C  four,  etc.,  through  the  plat.  When  the 
crop  matures,  weigh  carefully  and  report  the  production  of  the  tioo  middle 
rows  of  each  four,  fertilized  and  unfertilized. 

4.  State  the  treatment  of  the  soil  on  which  the  test  is  made,  both  as  to 


4 


crops  cultivated  and  fertilizers  used  for  several  previous  years,  and,  if 
practicable,  select  a  plat  which  was  not  fertilized  in  1875. 

5.  In  this  experiment  use  each  fertilizer  or  compost  at  the  rate  of  200 
pounds  per  acre  regardless  of  cost. 

6.  If  compost  is  used ,  state  the  formula  adopted  in  composting ,  giving  this 
quantity  and  character  of  each  ingredient  and  the  method  employed  in  com¬ 
posting. 

7.  If  convenient,  purchase  on  the  market  some  of  the  same  brands  as 
those  submitted  for  test,  and  report  the  results  as  directed  in  No.  4  above. 

8.  Use  on  the  same  plat  any  other  brand  which  you  may  have. 

9.  Use  a  portion  of  the  samples  submitted  for  test,  in  contrast  with  any 
others  you  may  have,  on  any  other  crop  omyour  farm  or  garden,  and  re¬ 
port  results. 

10.  In  conducting  these  tests,  be  careful  to  have  the  preparation,  plant¬ 
ing ,  stand  and  cultivation ,  identical  on  each  four  rows ,  the  only  difference 
being  in  the  kind  of  fertilizer  used.  Without  this  the  test  will  not  be  reliable. 

11.  State  the  time  and  manner  of  preparation,  time  and  manner  of 
planting,  mode  of  cultivation,  seasons,  both  as  to  temperature  and  rain¬ 
fall,  and  any  other  facts  of  interest  connected  with  the  test  of  fertilizers. 

12.  In  giving  the  yield  of  cotton,  report  the  number  of  pounds  of  seed 
cotton  produced  by  the  two  middle  rows  of  each  four,  fertilized  and  un¬ 
fertilized.  If  the  test  is  made  on  small  grain,  report  the  bushels  of  grain 
and  pounds  of  straw  per  acre.  If  it  is  made  on  corn,  report  the  bushels 
of  grain  and  pounds  of  fodder  per  acre. 

13.  Conduct  any  other  test  in  any  manner  you  may  prefer,  and  report 
results  and  facts  as  above  requested. 

14.  When  an  Acid  Phosphate  or  Dissolved  Bone — not  ammoniated — is 
tested,  compost  it  by  formula  No.  1  for  composting,  given  in  circular  No. 
22  of  this  Department.* 

15.  Preserve  a  fair  sample  of  every  fertilizer  you  test.  Put  it  in  a  bottle 
andsealit  up,  and  label  it  correctly.  A  common  quinine  bottle  full  is 
about  the  proper  quantity  to  save,  and  is  most  convenient. 

These  experiments,  to  be  valuable,  should  be  conducted  with  great  care, 
and  the  results  accurately  reported  as  soon  as  they  are  ascertained. 

’•'Formula  No.  1  for  Composting. — Stable  manure,  (preserved  under  shelter),  750 
pounds;  cotton  seed,  (green,)  750  pounds;  Acid  Phosphate  or  Dissolved  Bone,  500 
pounds  Total,  2,000  pounds,  or  one  ton. 

Directions. — Spread,  under  shelter,  a  layer  of  stable  manure  four  inches  thick;  on 
this  sprinkle  a  portion  of  the  phosphate;  next  a  layer  of  cotton  seed  three  inches  thick 
— then  wet  these  thoroughly  with  water  and  sprinkle  with  phosphate.  Continue  to 
repeat  these  layers,  in  the  above  order,  till  all  the  material  is  used.  Cover  the  whole 
mass  with  stable  manure,  or  scrapings  from  the  lot,  one  or  two  inches  thick.  Allow 
the  heap  to  stand  in  this  condition  until  thorough  fcrmenta  ion  takes  place,  which  will 
require  from  three  to  six  weeks,  according  to  circumstances,  dependent  upon  the 
moisture  and  strength  oi  the  materials  used.  When  the  cotton  seed  are  thoroughly 
killed,  with  a  sharp  hoe  or  mattock,  cut  down  vertically  through  the  layers,  pulverize, 
and  shovel  into  aheap,  where  the  fermentation  will  be  renewed,  and  the  compost  be 
still  further  improved.  It  will  be  ready  for  use  in  from  one  to  two  weeks,  according  to 
convenience. 


i 


Results  of  the  Soil  Tests. 


NOTE.— In  the  following  pages,  all  fertil¬ 
izers  marked  with  «,  were  furnished  by  the 
Department  for  soil  tests. 

Experiment  of  Simeon  Smith ,  Stone  Mountain ,  DeKalb  County. 


Soil. — Sandy,  with  clay  subsoil,  very  poor ;  an  old 
field  which  had  been  turned  out  for  a  number  of  years — 
cleared  up  last  spring;  never  fertilized  before.  Test  made 
with  cotton. 

Preparation. — Broken  both  ways  with  a  common  scooter 
plow,  about  the  15th  April,  and  a  light  one-horse  harrow 
run  over  it  a  few  days  before  planting. 

Planting. — April  27th,  laid  off  rows  3  feet  wide  with 
common  scooter,  applied  seed  and  fertilizer  together  in 
this  furrow,  and  covered  with  2  furrows. 

Cultivation. — It  was  kept  clean  with  plow  and  hoe,  using 
the  sweep  principally. 

Plat  No.  1. — Rows  35  yards  long;  in  sets  of  4,  and  the 
two  middle  ones  of  each  set  picked  for  the  test — 122  stalks 
of  cotton  to  each. 


Cotton  Compound  Am’d  Dissolved  Bone,  200  lbs.  per  acre...630  lbs.  seed  cotton  per  acre 
Without  fertiliser . .  61&  “  “  “  “  “ 


J.  C.  Ragsdale’s  Am’d  Bone  Phosphate,  200  lbs.  per  acre. ..65634  n  “  "  “ 
o Am’d  Soluble  Bone  (Pratt’s  Patent),  200  lbs.  per  acre... -691%  M  “  "  *’ 


Without  fertilizer .  7834  “  “  “  “ 

oBaldwin  <4  Co’s  Dis*olved  Bone,  200  lbs.  per  acre . 66634  ,l  “  “  “ 

aStrong’s  Am’d  Superphosphate,  200  lbs.  per  acre . 630  “  “  “  ** 

Without  fertilizer . . .  8734  “  “  “  “ 

Upton’s  Superphosphate,  200  lbs.  per  acre. . . 64734  “  “  “  “ 


Plat  No.  2,  alongside  of  No.  1. — Rows  35  yards  long, 
in  sets  of  2,  instead  of  4,  and  both  picked  for  the  test- 
140  stalks  to  each  row. 


6 


Without  fertilizer . . . 52%  lbs.  seed  cotton'per  acre 

Cotton  Com.  Am’d  Dis.  Bone  Phos.,  200  lbs.  per  acre . ...595  “  “  “  “ 

J.  C.  .Ragsdale’s  Am’d  Superphos.,  200  lbs.  per  acre . 603%  “ 

aAm’d  Soluble  Bone  (Pratt’s  Patent)  200  lbs,  per  acre . 605 

aBaldwin’s  Am’d  Dis.  Bone,  200  lbs.  per  acre . 700 

aStrong’s  Am’d  Superphosphate,  200  lbs.  per  acre . 647%  “ 

Upton’s  Superphosphate,  200  lbs.  per  acre . 682%  “ 

Merryman’s  Am’d  Dis.  Bone,  200  lbs.  per  acre . 682%  “ 

oMeryman’sDis.  Bone  (non-ammoniated)200  lbs.  per  acre...5G0 

Wando  Acid  Phosphate,  200  lbs.  per  acre . 420 

Wando  Compost,  200  lbs.  per  acre . 280 

oMerry man’s  Dissolved  Bone  compost,  200  lbs.  per  acie...4S7%  “ 

Upton’s  Superphosphate  compost,  200  lbs.  per  acre . 446%  “ 

aStrong’s  Ammoniated  Superphosphate,  200  lbs.  per  acre. ..385 

Wando  Acid  Phophate  compost,  400  lbs.  per  acre . 435 

aMerryman’s  Dissolved  Bone  compost,  400  lbs.  per  acre... 638 

Upton’s  Superphosphate  compost,  400  lbs.  per  acre . 577%  “ 

aStrong’s  Am’d  Superphos.  compost,  400  lbs.  per  acre . 551%  “ 

Without  iertilizer .  87%“ 


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Seasons. — Rain  April  28.  May  1,  2,  7,  8,  16,  21,  24, 
25,  26,  and  on  27  a  very  washing  rain.  June  3  rain,  and 
then  cool  and  dry  to  the  12th.  Rain  June  15,  16,  17  and 
25,  and  on  30  light  showers.  July  2  rain,  3,  4  and  17 
good  rain,  and  24,  25,  29,  30  and  31  light  rains.  August 
1  rain,  and  light  showers  3,  4,  5,  8,  14,  24  and  30.  Sept. 
10  light  showers.  Very  little  rain  since.  Killing  frost  17 
October. 

The  above  experiments  were  made  on  soil  containing  an 
abundance  of  vegetable  matter,  and  hence  the  results  of 
the  use  of  the  composts  do  not  compare  very  favorably 
with  those  of  the  commercial  fertilizers.  This  will  be  fur¬ 
ther  discussed  in  connection  with  other  experiments. 


Experiments  of  W.  A.  Smith ,  Palmetto ,  Coweta  County. 


Mr.  Smith  planted  cotton  on  gray  soil,  with  stiff  red 
clay  subsoil,  which  was  manured  in  1875  with  two  hundred 
pounds  of  Dugdale’s  ammoniated  super-phosphate,  and 
planted  in  turnips — the  whole  crop  of  turnips  being  re¬ 
moved  from  the  land.  The  land  had  been  cleared  about 
fifteen  years,  and  would  produce  about  five  hundred  pounds 
seed  cotton  without  manure.  The  soil  was  well  broken 
with  a  square-pointed  scooter,  and  the  fertilizers  bedded 
upon  with  a  common  turning  shovel ;  rows  seventy  yards 


\ 


7 


long  and  three  feet  apart.  The  fertilizer  was  covered 
about  four  inches,  the  beds  opened  with  small  scooter, 
608  seeds  dropped  to  the  row,  and  covered  with  a  light 
“straddle”  plow.  He  failed,  on  account  of  excessive 
rains,  to  secure  a  stand,  and  had  to  re-plant  twice,  the  last 
time  on  the  6th  of  June..  Th#  cotton  was  well  cultivated 
in  the  usual  way  : 

a  E.  Frank  Coe’s  Am.  Sup-plios.,  200  lbs.  per  acre . 490  lbs.  seed  cotton  per  acre 


a  Strong’s  Am.  Sup-phos.,  200  lbs.  per  acre . 420  “  “  “ 

Wattson  &  Clark’s  Sup-pbos.,  200  lbs  per  acre . 350  u  •*  “ 

Without  fertilizer . ; . 280  “  “  “ 


This  experiment  is  valuable  only  as  a  comparative  test 
of  the  fertilizers.  On  account  of  the  defective  stand,  it  is 
not  a  correct  index  of  the  effects  of  the  fertilizers  on  the 
production. 

Mr.  Smith  remarks :  “  I  have  been  farming  for  more 
than  thirty  years,  and  never  saw  so  much  rain  fall  in  May, 
June  and  July.”  “The  latter  part  of  August  and  all  of 
September  were  very  dry.”  This  cut  off  the  late  planting. 

Experiment  oj  M.  B.  Ward ,  Swainsboro ,  Emanuel  county. 

Soil. — Dark  sandy-— in  1875  was  planted  in  cotton,  and 
fertilized  with  Bradley’s  Lime. 

The  cotton  (Dickson  seed)  was  planted  20th  April,  in 
rows  three  feet  apart.  Seasons  good,  except  for  about 
three  weeks,  during  which  the  cotton  suffered  seriously.  It 
was  plowed  three  times  with  solid  sweep,  and  hoed  four 
times. 

a  Bahama  Soluble  Guano,  275  lbs.  per  acre . 605  lbs.  seed  cotton  per  acre. 

a  Manhattan  Blood  Guano,  275  lbs.  per  acre . 563 1-7  “  “  “ 

Without  Fertilizer . 172  6-7  “  “  “ 

Experiment  of  James  L.  Neal,  of  Glascock  County. 

Soil. — Sandy,  with  clay  subsoil — nearly  exhausted. 

Preparation. — Broken  deep,  April  ioth,  with  square- 
pointed  steel  scooter.  May  15,  ran  off  the  rows  three  and 
a-half  feet  wide  and  seventy  yards  long.  A  steel  shovel  fol¬ 
lowed  the  scooter,  to  open  the  furrow  for  the  fertilizer. 
Planted  pure  prolific  cotton  seed  May  20 ;  28  good  rain  ; 


8 


up  May  30,  good  stand  ;  June  3  chopped  to  one  stalk 
every  ten  inches,  and  plowed  same  day  with  Dickson 
sweep.  Rain  9th;  hoed  16th  and  plowed  17th.  Good  rain 
20th;  plowed  with  sweep  28th;  rain  29th;  plowed  July 
8  with  sweep.  Drouth  from  June  29  to  July  19,  when 
there  was  a  good  rain.  Plo\yed  last  time  July  20. 

Stono  Soluble  Guano,  200  lbs.  per  acre . 800  lbs.  seed  cotton 264  lbs.  lint  per  acre. 


Bradley’s  Am.  Dies.  Bone,  200  lbs.  per  acre.. 781  “ 

It 

. 260 

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Barry’s  Chem.  Fertilizer,  200  lbs.  per  acre. .826  “ 

It 

. 279 

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a  Blue  BoneSup-phos.,  190.80  lba.  per  acre.. 630  “ 

oMathis  Chemical  Compound  composted: — 

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167  lbs.  of  tlie  Compound,  200  lb».  Cot¬ 
ton  Seed,  and  600  lbs.  Stable  Manure,  3 

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making  967  per  acre . 981  “ 

It 

. 371 

If 

It 

The  Mathis  compost  was  seriously  injured  by  drouth,  in 
consequence  of  excessive  quantity  used  per  acre. 

Experiment  of  C.  M.  Sanders ,  Penjieldy  Greene  Co. ,  on  Cotton . 

Soil. — Upland  clay  loam,  with  clay  subsoil. 

Previous  Treatment. — Planted  in  cotton  1874  and  1875, 
and  fertilized  with  200  pounds  per  acre  of  Etiwan  Guano. 

Preparation. — Rows  3  feet  wide  and  35  yards  long,  laid 
off  across  the  old  rows  with  a  Brinly  shovel  10x12,  leav¬ 
ing  a  furrow  open  from  6  to  8  inches  in  depth.  In  these 
the  fertilizers  were  distributed  and  listed  on  with  15  inch 
Brinly  scooter  and  the  bed  thrown  up  with  Brinly  turn¬ 
ing  plow,  and  middles  opened  with  shovel. 

Planting. — Cotton  planted  May  15th,  but  on  account  of 
drouth  did  not  come  up  till  after  June  1st. 

Cultivation. — Plowed  twice  with  double  shovel  plows, 
and  three  times  with  sweeps,  and  hoed  twice. 

Seasons. — Unusually  dry  throughout,  with  the  exception 
of  a  few  days  in  August.  “The  ground  was  never  too 
wet  to  plow  after  the  cotton  was  six  inches  high,  until  it 
was  gathered,  with  the  exception  of  two  or  three  days  in 
August.” 


9 


Etiwan  Guano,  200  lbs.  per  acre . 1,557  lbs.  seed  cotton  per  acre. 

Without  fertilizer . 1,417  “  “  •*  “  “ 

Etiwan  Dis.  Bone  compost,  900  lbs.  per  acre . 1,557  “  “  “  “  “ 

Merryman’s  Am’d  Dis.  Bone,  200  lbs.  per  acre . 1,680  '*  “  “  •*  “ 

Without  fertilizer . 1,395  “  “  “  “  “ 

aPhoenix  Guano,  Wilcox,  Gibbs  &  Co.,  200  lbs  per  acre. ..1,435  “  “  “  “  “ 

Without  fertilizer . 1,395  “  “  “  “  * 

aSardy’s  Phospho-Peruvian,  200  lbs.  per  acre . 1,750  “  “  “  “  “ 

Mr.  Sanders  applied  each  fertilizer  to  two  rows,  and 
picked  the  product  of  the  two  for  the  test.  In  this  he 
failed  to  follow  the  instructions  issued  for  the  conduct  of 
soil  tests,  viz  :  “Apply  each  fertilizer  to  four  consecutive 
rows,  leaving  four  rows  unfertilized  between  the  different 
brands.”  *  *  *  “When  the  crop  matures,  weigh  carefully  and 
report  the  production  of  the  two  middle  rows  of  each  four, 
fertilized  and  unfertilized.”  When  only  two  rows  are  used, 
each  is  more  or  less  affected  by  those  adjacent  fertilized 
with  other  brands,  and  those  unfertilized  receive  some 
benefit  from  the  fertilizer  applied  to  those  adjacent.  In  the 
former  case,  the  rows  in  which  the  test  is  made  are  nine  feet 
from  each  other,  while  in  the  second  they  are  only  three 
feet  apart. 

The  difference  between  the  results  on  the  fertilized  and 
unfertilized  plats  is  very  small  in  Mr.  Sanders’  experiment, 
for  two  reasons,  viz :  1st,  the  soil  had  been  fertilized  for 
two  preceding  years,  the  residue  of  which  affected  the 
unfertilized  rows ;  2d,  the  dryness  of  the  season  prevented 
the  plants  from  receiving  the  full  benefit  of  the  fertilizers. 
He  fell  into  the  very  common  error  of  using  too  much  com¬ 
post  per  acre — half  the  amount  would  probably  have  given 
better  results. 

Experiment  of  John  Turner ,  Culverton,  Hancock  Co.,  on  Cotton. 

Soil. — A  thin,  gravelly,  sandy  soil,  with  a  yellow  clay 
subsoil,  which  had  been  lying  out  four  years. 

Preparation. — Broken  in  winter,  eight  inches  deep,  with 
a  turning  plow.  April  25th,  laid  off  with  scooter,  and  fer¬ 
tilizers  distributed ;  listed  with  scooter  and  finished  with 
turning  plow ;  opened  bed  with  small  scooter,  sowed  the 


10 


seed  and  covered  with  harrow  ;  stand  uniform,  and  culti¬ 
vated  well  with  sweep  and  hoe,  every  plat  alike.  The  cotton 
was  seriously  injured  by  a  hot  wind  in  August. 

One  compost  was  prepared  by  mixing  one  ton  of  Barry’s 
Clay  Land  fertilizer  with  four  of  stable  manure  and  cotton 
seed — about  one-fifth  of  the  whole  being  cotton  seed.  The 
other  was  prepared  by  one  of  his  neighbors.  Fertilizers  from 
the  Department  received  too  late  to  be  composted. 


aStern’s  (No.  1)  Am’d  Sup.  Phos.,  200  lbs  per  acre . 614  lbs.  4  oz.  seed  cotton  per  acre 


aObei’s  Dis.  Bone,  200  lbs.  per  acre . 717  “ 

aEchols’  Raw  Bone  Sup.  Phos.,  200  lbs.  per  acre. . 851  “ 

State  Grangi  compost,  200  lbs  per  acre . 816  “ 

Barry’s  Clay  Land  Fertil’r  composted,  200  lbs  per  acre-829  “ 

Ragsdale  Am’d  Sup.  Phos.,  200  lbs.  per  acre.... . 746  ‘‘ 

Etiwan  Guano,  200  lbs.  per  acre . - . 653  “ 

Without  fertilizer . 338  “ 

The  above  experiment  was  conducted  entirely  according 
to  directions. 


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Experiment  of  /.  W.  Treadwell ,  Sparta ,  Hancock  Co. 

Soil. — Upland,  gray  soil,  red  clay  subsoil,  land  been  in 
cultivation  for  58  years.  In  1874  was  in  corn — yield  25 
bushels  per  acre,  manured  with  corn  cob  manure ;  in  1874- 
’75  in  wheat  without  manure — yield  about  8  bushels  per 
acre.  Latter  part  of  1875  was  sowed  in  rye,  and  on  the 
14th  and  15th  of  May,  1876,  the  land  was  run  offin  three  feet 
rows,  and  opened  six  or  seven  inches  deep  and  the  fertil¬ 
izers  applied — 200  pounds  per  acre — for  cotton,  and 
bedded  on  in  the  usual  way,  which  turned  under  the 
growth  of  green  rj  e.  The  plats  were  laid  off  in  rows 
seventy  yards  long,  and  two  rows  taken  for  each  test. 

May  the  16th  the  cotton  seed  was  planted  with  Dow 
Law  cotton  planter.  June  16th,  good  stand — chopped  and 
plowed.  All  cultivation  was  surface  culture,  with  sweep 
and  hoe ;  had  similar  workings,  at  intervals,  from  two  to 
three  weeks,  until  it  had  been  gone  over  four  times. 

Seasons. — May  26th  and  27th,  light  rains;  June  2d, 
11th,  16th  and  22d,  good  rains;  July  6th,  light  rain  ;  21st 
and  30th,  good  rains ;  August  3d  and  13th,  light  rains. 


11 


From  this  date  we  had  no  rain  till  October.  Thermom¬ 
eter  at  94  to  96  degrees,  in  the  shade,  for  three  or  four 
weeks  of  the  time,  causing  late  cotton  to  shed  its  forms  and 
fruit  rapidly. 

1— 2  rows  Sea  Fowl  Guano,  22%  pounds  seed  cotton 785  pounds  seed  cotton  per  acre 

2—  2  rows  Natural  soli,  19%  pounds  seed  cotton . 673  “  “  “ 

3 —  2  rows  Pendleton’s  Compound,  25%  lbs.  seed  cotton..901  “  “  “ 

4—  2  rows  Natural  soil,  22  pounds  seed  cotton . 770  “  “  “ 

5 —  2  rows  ^Atlantic  Fertilizer,  25%  pounds  seed  cotton.,892  “  “  “ 

6—  2  rows  Natural  soil,  19%  pounds  seed  cotton . 682  u  “  “ 

7 —  2  rows  aDobbs’  Chem.  compost  21%  lbs  seed  cotton. ..752  “  “  '• 

8— 2  rows  Natural  soil,  20  pounds  seed  cotton . 700  “  “  “ 

9 —  2  rows  Burnt  Bone  compost,  22  pounds  seed  cotton. ..770  “  “  “ 

10— 2  rows  Natural  soil,  17%  pounds  seed  cotton . 612  “  “  “ 

11 —  2  rows  Ground  Bone  compost,  20  ibs.  seed  cotton. ..700  “  *.  “ 

Dobb’s  chemicals,  the  P3urnt  Bone  and  Ground  Bone 
were  all  composted  by  formula  No.  1  given  in  circular  No. 

22  from  the  Department  of  Agriculture. 

The  Ground  and  Burnt  Bone  were  dissolved  on  the 

place  by  sulphuric  acid.  The  Burnt  Bone  was  whole  bones 
picked  up,  burnt,  pounded  up,  and  then  dissolved  ;  the 
Ground  Bone  is  such  as  we  buy  in  our  markets — ready 
ground — termed,  “flour  of  bone.  ” 

Experiment  of  Jas.  F .  Little ,  Prattsbnrg ,  Talbot  County ,  on 

Cotton . 


Soil. — Free  gray  land,  well  adapted  to  cotton — has  been 
in  cultivation  six  or  seven  years — was  in  wheat  in  1875 — 
cultivated  in  the  usual  way, 


Plat  No.  1. 

Plat  No.  2 

pi.. AT  No  .  3 

NAME  OF  FERTILIZER. 

Lbs.  Fertilizer  per  acre. 

Lbs  Seed  Cotton  per  acre 

Lbs.  Fertilizer  per  acre. 

u 

o 

C3 

U 

QJ 

£h 

O 

-4-3 

-4-3 

o 

Q 

o\ 

c q 

DC 

rO 

Lbs.  Fertilizer ’per  acre. 

- - - —  i 

lbs. Seed  Cotton  per  acre 

National  Soluble  Bone  (Pratt) . 

275 

854 

22e 

1,050 

220 

1,155 

a  Bales’  Guano . . . . 

W  ithout  Fertilizer . . . 

275 

1,050 

682 

220 

1,215 

787 

220 

1,050 

787 

a  Enoch  Coe’s  Am.  Bone  Super-phosphate . 

275 

1,143 

220 

1,155 

220 

1 ,305 

Soluble  Pacific  Guano . 

275 

1,097 

220 

1  j  1 5o 

220 

1,155 

Cumberland  Ammoniated Super- phosphate.... 

275 

1,194 

1.050 

892 

220 

1,391 

220 

1 ,283 

V/hann’s  Raw  Bone  Super-phosphate . 

Without  Fertilizer . 

275 

220 

1,391 

220 

1,102 

787 

Eureka  Ammoniated  Bone  Super-phosphate.. 

275 

1,260 

220 

1,391 

220 

1,050 

Soluble  Sea-Island  Guano . 

275 

1,050 
f  ,076 

220 

1,215 

220 

1,050 

a  Stono  Acid  Phosphate . 

275 

220 

1,128 

221 

1,107 

12 


Experiment  of  Reuben  Jones ,  Newton ,  Baker  County ,  Cotton 

Soil. — Old  sandy  pine  soil,  with  clay  subsoil,  not  in 
cultivation  in  1875. 

It  was  broken  with  a  one-horse  turning  plow  in  January, 
bedded  in  March,  and  planted  April  15  ;  cultivated  entire¬ 
ly  with  sweep  and  hoe.  Seasons  favorable  to  July  10, 
after  which  we  had  only  a  few  light  showers  to  December. 

Without  Fertilizer . 353  lbs.  seed  cotton  per  acre 

Stable  Manure,  Cotton  Seed  and  Wood’s  Earth,  equal  parts 

50  bushels  per  acre . 581  “  “  " 

a  Wattson  &  Clark’s  Super-phosphate,  200  lbs.  per  acre . 581  “  “  “ 

a  Sardy’s  Acid  Phosphate,  200  lbs.  per  acre . 523  “  “  “ 

a  Wando  Fertilizer,  200  lbs.  per  acre . 522  '*  **  “ 


Experiment  of  W.  J.  Colquitt ,  Harmony  Grove,  Jackson 

County ,  on  Cotton. 

Soil. — Old  and  sandy,  with  red  clay  subsoil.  Planted 
April  25.  All  picked  by  November  15. 

Without  Fertilizer . ,.304  lbs.  seed  cotton  per  acre. 

a  Logan’s  Southern  Fertilizing  Compound  compost,  200 

lbs.  per  acre . . . 503  "  “  “ 

Without  Fertilizer . 298  "  “  '* 

a  Stono  Soluble  Guano,  200  lbs.  per  acre . 539  “  “  “ 

Without  Fertilizer . 306  “  “ 

cBradley’s  Ammoniated  Dissolved  Bones,  200  lbs.  per  acre. ..548  “  “ 

The  above  experiment  was  conducted  strictly  in  accord¬ 
ance  with  the  directions. 

Experiment  of  T.  A.  Hamilton ,  Thomson ,  McDuffie  County ? 

on  Cotton. 


Mr.  Hamilton  made  the  too  common  mistake  of  com¬ 
posting  lime  with  cotton  seed  and  stable  manure,  without 
first  slacking  the  lime  with  strong  brine. 

The  seed  on  all  the  plats  were  rolled  in  fertilizer.  This 
affected  the  yield  where  no  fertilizers  were  applied. 

PLAT  NO.  I. 


Merryman’s  Ammoniated  Dies.  Bones,  200  lbs.  per  acre.. 

Without  Fertilizer . . . 

a  Eureka  Ammoniated  Bone  Supr-phos. ,  200  lbs.  per  acre 

Without  Fertilizer . . . . . . 

Georgia  State  Grange  Fertilizer,  200  lbs.  per  acre . 

Without  Fertilizer . . . . . 

a  Etiwan  Dissolved  Bones,  200  lbs.  per  acre . . . 

Without  Fertilizer . . . . 


1,604  lbs.  seed  cotton  pel  acre 


.1,449  ...  ... 

.1,690  . 

.1,380  ...  *h 

,1,811  ...'  ... 

1,500  . 


*• 

•  • 

•• 

•• 


•»< 

••• 

•  •9 

#•« 


1,673  •••  »«• 

1,377  ##• 


••  •«« 

OO  OOtf 


13 


PLAT  NO.  2. 

Equal  parts  of  ^Oyater  Shell  Lime,  Cotton  Seed,  and  Manure, 

200  lbs.  per  acre.. .  949  lbs.  seed  cotton  per  acre. 

Without  Fertilizer . 1,208  . 

Equal  parts  Oyster  Shell  Lime,  Cotton  Seed,  and  Manure, 

400  lbs.  per  acre . 1,397  . 

Without  Fertilizer., . 1,500  . 

Equal  weights  Acid  Phosphate,  Cotton  Seed,  and  Stable 

Manure,  200  lbs.  per  acre . 1,707  . 

Equal  weights  Acid  Phosphate,  Cotton  Seed,  and  Stable 

Manure,  400  lbs.  per  acre . 2,174  . . 

Georgia  State  Grange  Fertilizer,  400  lbs.  per  acre . 1,587  . 

Without  Fertilizer . 1,846  . 

PLAT  NO.  3. 

a  Eureka  Am.  Bone  Super-phos.,  400  lbs.  per  acre . 1,208  lbs.  seed  cotton  per  acre 

Without  Fertilizer . 1,346  . 

Merryman’s  Am.  Diss.  Bone,  400  lbs.  per  acre . -2,001  . 

Without  Fertilizer .  1,174  . 

a  Atlantic  Fertilizer,  400  lbs.  per  acre . 1,434  . 

Without  Fertilizer . 1,173  . 


Experiment  of  W.  K.  Nelson ,  Augusta,  Richmond  County ,  on 

Corn . 

Soil. — Sandy  upland,  with  yellow  clay  subsoil. 

aE.  Frank  Coe’s  Am’d  Superpnosphate,  200  lbs.  per  acre . 12  bushels  corn  per  acre 

oMerryman’s  Ammoniated  Dissolved  Bone,  200  lbs.  per  acre . 12  “  “  ** 

Georgia  State  Grange  Fertilizer,  200  lbs.  per  acre . 12  “  “  ‘ 

Without  fertilizer . 9  “  *,  “ 

Experiment  of  Geo.  L.  Cain,  Jefferson  County,  on  Cotton . 

Soil  of  plats  Nos.  1,  2  and  3,  sandy  loam ;  and  No.  4, 
sandy,  with  very  stiff  clay  subsoil. 

Preparation. — Plats  Nos.  1,  2  and  3  opened  with  5-inch 
scooter,  ridged  and  bedded  with  7-inch  turning  shovel ; 
fertilizers  applied  from  15th  to  25th  March  ;  completed 
the  bedding  April  5th;  planted  17th,  with  cotton  planter  ; 
stand  good.  The  land  had  been  planted  in  cotton  for  5 
years — not  fertilized  in  1875, 

Nos.  1  and  2  treated  according  to  directions. 

No.  3  was  planted  in  sets  of  7  rows  to  each  fertilizer. 

No.  4  was  broken  thoroughly  with  one-horse  Watt 
plow ;  rows  laid  off  3  feet  2  inches  with  5-inch  scooter  ; 
double  furrowed  with  7-inch  scooter,  latter  part  of  March  ; 
fertilizers  applied  from  1st  to  10th  of  April;  ridged  and 
bedded  with  Watt  plow ;  manured  in  sets  of  4  rows. 


14 


All  cultivated  shallow  with  sweep  and  hoe.  Seasons 
favorable  till  August  10th  ;  no  rain  after  that  time  till  too 
late  to  benefit  the  crop.  Composts  made  by  formula  No. 
1,  circular  22. 

Plat  No.  1. 

aWhann’s  Eaw  Bone  Superphosphate,  200  lbs.  per  acre . 617%  lbs.  seed  cotton  per  acre 

Without  fertilizer... . . . 487%  “  “  “ 

aZell’s  Am’d  Bone  Superphosphate,  200  pounds  per  acre... 552%  “  “  “ 

Without  fertilizer .  528  “  “  “ 

E.  Frank  Coe’s  Am’d  Bone  Superphos.,  200  lbs.  per  acre....568  “  **  “ 


Without  fertilizer . 

. 503 

it 

a 

• 

a 

aEtiwan  Dissolved  Bone  compost,  200  pounds  per  acre . 520 

tt 

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Without  fertilizer . 

. 487% 

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9t 

Logan’s  Southern  Fertil. 

Com. 

compost,  200  lbs.  per  acre. ..601 

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Without  fertilizer . . 

. 487% 

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E.  Frank  Coe’s  Am’d 

Bone 

Superphosphate  compost, 

200  lbs.  per  acre . 

. 715 

tt 

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Without  fertilizer . 

. 446 

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Plat  No  2. 


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aY/hann’s  Raw  Bone  Superphosphate,  200  lbs.  per  acre . 731  lbs.  seed  cotton  per  acre 

Without  fertilizer . . . . . 641 

ctZeli’s  Am’d  Bone  Superphosphate,  200  pounds  per  acre. ..780 

Without  fertilizer . . . 617%  “ 

E.  Frank  Coe’s  Bone  Superphosphate,  200  pounds  per  acre.763  14 

Without  fertilizer . 633  “ 

aEtiwan  Dissolved  Bone  compost  200  pounds  per  acre . 617%  “ 

Without  fertilizer . 495%  “ 

Logan’s  Southern  Fertil.  Com.  compost,  200  lbs.  per  acre. ..641  “ 

Without  fertilizer . 552%  44 

E.  Frank  Coe’s  Am’d  Bone  Superphospate  compost,  200 

lbs.  per  acre . . . . . 755  “ 

Without  fertilizer . . . 650  “ 


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Plat  No.  3. 


Whann’s  Raw  Bone  Superphosphate,  400  lbs.  per  acre . 812%  lbs.  seed  cotton  per  acre 

Zell’s  Am’d  Bone  Superphosphate,  400  pounds  per  acre. ...723  “  “  “ 

Etiwan  Dissolved  Bone  compost,  400  pounds  per  acre . 723  “  “  “ 

Logan’sSo.  Fer.  Gom.  compost,  400  pounds  per  acre . 690  “  “  41 

E.  Frank  Coe’s  Am’d  Superphosphate  compost,  400  lbs. 
per  acre . 650  “  “  “ 

Plat  No.  4. 


Whann’s  Raw  Bone  Superphosphate,  200  lbs.  per  acre . 578  lbs.  seed  cotton  per  acre 


Without  fertilizer . 422  “  “ 

Zell’s  Am’d  Bone  Sup.  Phos.,  200  lbs  per  acre . 551  “  “ 

"Without  fertilizer . 512  “  “ 

Etiwan  Dis.  Bone,  compost,  200  lbs  per  acre . 551  “  “ 

Without  fertilizer . 485  •*  “ 

Logan  So.  Fertilizing  Compound  compost,  200  lbs  per  acre..446  “  “ 

Without  fertilizer . 346  “  “ 

E.  Frank  Coo’s  Am’d  Bone  Superphos.  compost . 536  “  “ 

Without  fertilized . 412  “  “ 


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15 


Experiment  of  Peter  Slate sherry ,  Stockton ,  Clinch  County , 

Cotton. 

Soil  and  Preparation. — Pine  land,  sandy  soil  and  sub¬ 
soil — been  cleared  forty  years  ;  when  new  produced  fifteen 
to  twenty  bushels  of  corn  per  acre  without  fertilizer; 
known  as  free  land,  easily  cultivated  and  easily  exhausted, 

It  has  been  moderately  fertilized  for  eight  years  with 
barn  yard  manure,  was  in  cotton  in  1870  and  1874;  in  corn 
in  1875,  producing  twenty  bushels  per  acre.  October  1st 
corn  stalks  were  cut  into  pieces  two  feet  long  and  plowed 
in  with  the  pea  vines.  Bedded  into  three  and  one  half 
feet  rows  in  February.  In  April  opened  the  water  furrow 
six  inches  deep,  putin  the  fertilizer  and  covered  with  two 
furrows.  The  beds  were  finished  just  before  planting. 
This  experiment  was  very  carefully  conducted  according 
to  directions. 

Without  fertilizer . . . 300  lbs  seed  cotton  per  acre. 

oGuanihani  Guano,  200  lbs  per  acre . 360  . 

Without  fertilizer . 300  . 

aEtiwan  Crops  Food  Chemicals,  compost,  200  lbs  per  acre . 420  . 

Without  fertilizer . . . . . 300  . 

aLogan’s  So.Fertilizing  Compound,  compost,  200  lbs  per  acre..450  . 

Without  fertilizer . 300  . 

Grange  Mixture  Dis.  Bone  Phos.,  200  lbs  per  acre . 450  . 

Without  fertilizer . 800  . 

National  Soluble  Bone  (Pratt), compost,  200  lbs  per  acre . 450  . 

Without  fertilizer . . . 300  . 

Grange  Mixture  Dis.  Bone  Phos.  compost,  200  lbs  per  acre....600  . 

This  experiment  was  conducted  on  a  level  thirty  acre 
field  of  very  uniform  fertility.  The  composts  were  pre¬ 
pared  by  formula  No.  1,  Circular  22. 

Experiment  of  J.  S.  Lavender ,  Barnesville ,  Pike  Co.,  on  Cotton. 

Soil. — Light,  sandy  pine-woods  land,  naturally  very  poor^ 
been  in  cultivation  thirty-five  years  ;  subsoil  poor,  stiff 
clay.  This  soil  has  had  three  applications  of  the  South 
Carolina  Dissolved  Phosphate,  100  pounds  per  acre. 

In  wheat,  in  1875,  made  three  bushels  per  acre.  Cotton 
planted  first  week  in  May,  a  good  stand  secured  in  a  few 
days  ;  stalks  left  3  to  4  to  the  foot ;  well  cultivated  ;  plowed 
five  times,  and  hoed  once.  Plenty  of  rain  until  August 


16 


1st;  none  after  that  date  for  eight  weeks.  Rows  in  sets  of 
four,  as  directed. 


aZell’s  Am’d  Bone  Sup.  Phos.,  200  lbs.  per  acre . 631  lbs. 

Without  fertilizer . 413  ... 

aWkan’s  Raw  Bone  Sup.  Phos.,  200  lbs.  per  acre . 618  ... 

Without  fertilizer . 419  ... 

Manhattan  Blood  Guano,  200  lbs.  per  acre . 644  ... 

Without  fertilizer . 412  ... 

Ober’tS.  C.  Dissolved  Bone  Phosphate,  200  lbs  per  acre . 663  ... 

Without  fertilizer . 421  ... 


seed  cotion  per  acre 


S.  C.  Phosphate  Flour,  composted  with  stable  manure,  4  parts 
of  manure  to  1  of  flour,  and  allowed  to  stand  8 


weeks,  1000  lbs  per  acre . . . 702  . 

Without  fertilizer . . . 432  . 

Georgia  State  Grange  Fertilizer . 638  . 

Without  fertilizer . 400  . 


Experiment  of  Robert  Burton ,  Ellaville ,  Schley  Co on  Cotton. 

Soil  and  Preparation. — Sandy  ;  stiff  day  subsoil ; 
been  in  cultivation  ten  years,  and  never  fertilized,  except 
with  cotton  seed  when  in  corn  two  years  ago.  Land  broken 
in  January  ;  April  11th  laid  off  rows  three  feet  wide,  seventy 
yards  long  ;  applied  fertilizers  at  the  rate  of  200  pounds 
per  acre,  and  bedded  with  shovel  plow ;  planted  seed  with 
Dow  Law  planter.  A  good  stand  was  secured,  and  culti¬ 
vated  well  with  sweep  and  hoe.  Seasons  as  good  as  could 
be  wished.  The  manured  rows  turned  yellow  and  rusted 
a  little,  the  remainder  did  not. 

Plat  No.  1. 


aSardy’s  Am’d  Soluble  Pacific,  200  lbs  per  acre . 

Without  fertilizer . 

aStono  Soluble  Guano,  200  lbs  per  acre . 

Without  fertilizer . 

aSardy’s  Dissolved  Bone  Phosphate,  200  lbs  per  acre 

Without  fer  tilizer . 

aSea  Fowl  Guano,  200  lbs  per  acre . 

Without  fertilizer .  •  •••••••••••••a 


1,505  lbs  seed  cotton  per  acre 
1  417 

•  »  •••  •••  •••  •••  ••• 

.1,540  . . 

1,2<7  ...  ...  ...  ...  ... 

1  277 

»-*-»*■*  «  •  •••  •••  •••  •  ••• 

.1,277  .  ...  . 

.1  592  . 


1,295  ... 


Plat  No.  2. 


Stiff  soil,  good  quality  ;  cultivated  twenty  years. 


aSardy’s  Am’d  Soluble  Pacific,  200  lbs  per  acre . 

lbs 

seed 

cotton 

per  acre. 

Without  fertilizer . 

•  •• 

•  •• 

••• 

...  ..» 

aStono  Soluble  Guano,  200  lbs  per  acre . 

. 962 

•  •• 

Without  fertilizer . . 

•  •• 

...  ... 

aSardy’s  Dissolved  Bone  Phosphate,  200  lbs  per  acre.... 

. 770 

... 

Without  fertilizer . 

. 717 

... 

•  •• 

...  ... 

aSea  Fowl  Guano, 200  lbs  per  acre . . 

. 892% 

... 

•  •• 

•*.  **• 

Without  fertilizer . . . 

. 682X 

... 

... 

•  •• 

17 


Experiment  of  A.  Ogletree ,  Georgetown ,  Quitman  County ,  on 

Cotton. 

Soil. — Sandy  upland,  cultivated  in  oats  in  1875. 
Preparation. — Bedded  and  the  fertilizer  applied  in  the 
water  furrow  and  the  beds  reversed  ;  cotton  planted  on  the 
fresh  bed  ;  fertilized  in  sets  of  four  rows  to  each  fertilizer  ; 
cultivation  clean  and  seasons  good  to  15th  of  August. 

aOber’s  Genuine  Phosph.  Peruvian  AA,  200  lbs  per  acre . .717  lbs  seed  cotton  per  acre. 

Without  fertilizer . 245  . 

Experiment  of  Wm.  S.  Montgomery ,  Social  Circle ,  Georgia , 

on  Cotton. 

Soil  and  Preparation. — Plat  No.  1  was  red  stiff  clay 
with  good  subsoil ;  land  in  good  heart ;  been  in  cultivation 
forty  years ;  in  wheat  last  year.  January  1st,  subsoiled 
eight  inches  deep ;  April  6th,  laid  off  rows  three  and  one- 
half  feet  wide,  fertilizers  applied  and  an  iron  foot  plow  run 
in  the  bottom  of  the  furrow  to  mix  it  with  the  soil.  Plat 
arranged  and  picked  according  to  directions.  April  20th, 
planted  with  the  Dow  Law  planter  ;  May  4th,  harrowed  ; 
good  stand  except  the  unfertilized  rows.  May  10th,  hoed; 
15th,  put  to  a  stand ;  one  and  two  stalks,  width  of  hoe. 
June  1st,  run  round  with  scooter;  3d,  plowed  out  with 
sweep,  two  furrows  to  the  row  ;  13th,  hoed  ;  21st,  plowed 
with  sweep,  two  furrows  ;  26th,  one  sweep  furrow  in  mid¬ 
dles  ;  30th,  hoed  ;  July  10th,  laid  by  with  sweep. 

Plat  No.  1 — 

"Without  fertilizer .  572  lbs  seed  cotton  per  acre. 

Merry  man’s  Am’d  Dis.  Bone,  200  lbs  per  acre . 1,102 . . 

aBradley’s  Am’d  Dis.  Bone,  200  lbs  per  acre . 1,102 . 

aGrange  Mixture,  200  lbs  per  acre . 1,145 . 

Sardy’s  Acid  Phosphate,  200  lbs  per  acre . 1,040  •  ••  •••  •  ••  ••••  •  •• 

Plat  No.  2— 

Soil. — Thin,  cold,  gray  land,  yellow  subsoil ;  been  in 
cultivation  about  25  years  ;  in  poor  heart.  In  wheat  last 
year ;  subsoiled  January  10th,  from  ten  to  twelve  inches 
deep. 

March  27th,  laid  off  rows  three  feet  wide  with  shovel, 

applied  fertilizers,  and  followed  in  the  bottom  of  the  furrow 
2 


18 


with  iron  foot  plow  as  before,  and  listed  with  turning  plow. 
April  22d,  planted  with  Dow  Law.  Good  stand  secured 
except  where  no  fertilizer  was  used,  as  before.  May  5th, 
harrowed  ;  17th,  hoed  and  plowed  with  sweep.  June  1st, 
hoed  ;  3d,  sided  with  scooter ;  9th,  plowed  'out  with  shovel 
and  scraper  ;  28th,  hoed.  July  3d.  laid  by  with  sweep. 


Without  fertilizer . .246  lbs  seed  cotton  per  acre. 

Merryinan’s  Am’d  Dis.  Bone,  200  lbs  per  acre . 697  . 

aBradley’s  Am’d  Dis.  Bone,  200  lbs  per  acre . 884  . 

oGrange  Mixture,  200  lbs  per  acre . 683  ...  •  •••  ••• 

aSardy’s  Acid  Phosphate,  200  lbs.,  and  10  bus.  cotton  3eed, 

per  acre . . . 686  . 

The  crop  was  injured  by  drouth,  during  which  the  un¬ 
fertilized  remained  green  and  promised  as  well  as  the  fer¬ 
tilized. 

Experiment  of  /.  T.  Dennis ,  Eatonton,  Putman  County ,  on 


Cotton . 


Soil  and  Preparation. — Very  old,  poor  red  land  ;  rest¬ 
ed  1874  and  1875;  1873  in  cotton  without  manure.  Broken 
well  with  one  horse  Watt  Plow ;  furrows  opened  with 
same  plow  by  running  twice  in  the  furrow  ;  bedded  with 
same  plow ;  beds  knocked  off  with  board  and  cotton 
planted  April  13th  with  Dow  Law  planter;  stand  not  very 
good  but  same  in  each  row. 

Cultivated  entirely  with  sweep  and  hoe.  Fertilized 
cotton  opened  by  15th  October;  unfertilized  by  15th 
November.  Fertilized  and  unfertilized  plats  in  sets  of 
lour  rows. 


Without  fertilizer . . . . .  £06^  lbs  seed  cotton  per  acre 

aBrighton’s  Am’d  Raw  Bone  Sup.  Phos.,  200  lbs  per  acre..  857.% 

Etiwan  Dissolved  Bones,  200  lbs  per  acre . . . 1,005 

Without  fertilizer . . .  490 

National  Soluble  Bone,  (Pratt)  200  lbs  per  acre . 1,050 

Merryman’s  Am’d  Dis.  Bones,  200  lbs  per  acre . . . 1,172 

aWhitlock’s  Vegetator,  200  lbs  per  acre.. . 787 

Without  fertilizer .  262 


Experiment  of  James  D.  Frederick ,  Marshallvilley  Macon 

County,  on  Cotton . 

Soil,  etc. — Sandy  with  yellow  clay  subsoil;  in  corn  in 
1875;  cultivated  shallow  with  sweep  and  hoe;  seaso 


19 


favorable ;  plat  arranged  as  directed,  in  sets  of  four  rows 
each. 

a  Atlantic  Fertilizer,  200  lbs  per  acre . 

Without  fertilizer . 

Ober’s  Soluble  Am’d  Sup.  Phos.,  200  lbs  per  acre 
Merryinau’s  Am’d.  Dis.  Bones,  200  lbs  per  acre... 
aMiaor’a  Am’d  Sup.  Phos.,  200  lbs  per  acre . 

Experiment  of  f  M.  Cox,  Woodville ,  Green ?  County ,  on  ■ 

Cotton . 

Soil,  etc. — Old  pine  land,  cleared  about  twenty  years 
and  cultivated  ever  since.  Opened  April  7th  with  scooter 
and  bedded  with  one  horse  Brinly.  Cotton  planted  April 
25th;  stand  perfect;  plowed  four  times  with  sweep  and 
hoed  three  times ;  last  plowing  August  2d  ;  last  hoeing 
August  4th.  Seasons  unfavorable ;  very  hot  and  dry, 
causing  little  difference  between  the  fertilized  and  unfer¬ 
tilized  cotton,  since  the  latter  did  not  suffer  from  drouth 
as  did  the  former. 

^Georgia  State  Grange  Dis.  Bones,  210  lbs  per  acre . 665  lbs  seed  cotton  per  acre 

Without  fertilizer . 646  . 

aStono  Soluble  Guano,  210  lbs  per  acre . 840  . 

Without  fertilizer.. . 630  . 

aitussell  Coe’s  Am’d  Sup.  Phos.  of  Lime,  210  lbs  per  acre . 875  . 

Without  fertilizer .  . 595 . 

oBradley’s  Am’d  Dis.  Bones,  210  lbs  per  acre . 876  . 

Oyster  Shell  Lime,  200  lbs  per  acre . 700  . 

Oyster  Shell  Lime,  comp’d  with  lot  manure, 600  lbs  pr  acre..735  . 

The  following  fertilizers  were  received  by  Mr.  Cox  too 
late  to  be  tested  on  the  same  plats  with  the  others. 

Soil,  etc. — Pine  land  which  has  been  cleared  for  ten 
years,  much  better  than  that  on  which  the  other  fertilizers 
were  tested.  Cotton  planted  May  5th  on  land  prepared 
as  the  other  plat ;  stand  good  ;  plowed  three  times  with 
sweep  and  hoed  twice.  Seasons  same  as  in  the  other  plat : 

oPa’metto  Acid  Phosphate,  compost,  200  lbs  per  acre.... . 1,085  lbs  seed  cotton  per  acre* 


Without  fertilizer . 1,015 . 

aDefiance  Superphosphate,  200  lbs  per  acre .  980  . 


Experiment  of  J.  A.  Browning ,  Oconee  County ,  on  Cotton . 

Soil,  etc. — Soft,  dark  gray,  with  red  clay  subsoil; 
broken  in  January  with  two  horse  Watt  plow.  April  17th, 
rows  opened  three  feet  apart  with  shovel,  followed  with 


......765  lbs  seed  cotton  per  acre 

>.....630  ...  ...  ...  ...  ... 

795 

•  ••••  I  uv  •  ••  •  •  •••  •••  ••• 

. 825  •••  •••  •••  •••  ••• 

••  •••8/0  •••  •••  •••  •••  •«• 


20 


two  horse  subsoil  plow  ;  bedded  with  Watt  plow  ;  cotton 
planted  April  21st  with  the  Garlington  cotton  planter. 

Cultivation. — Harrowed  May  10th;  15th,  sided  with 
bull  tongue  ;  19th,  hoed  ;  30th,  plowed  with  sweep.  June 
27th,  hoed;  29th,  plowed  with  sweep.  July  2d,  hoed; 
25th,  plowed  with  sweep.  Seasons  favorable  to  August 
10th,  after  which  there  was  a  drouth  to  September  13th, 
which  injured  the  crops. 

Without  fertilizer . 161  %  tbs  seed  cotton  per  acre. 

oStrong’s  Arn’d  Sup.  Phos.,  210  lbs  per  acre . 770  . 

aSolomon’s  (RowlandTs)  Chem’l  Comp’d,  210  lbs  per  acre—700  . 

aAbaco  Guano,  210  lbs  per  acre . 315  . 

Experiment  of  I.  O .  McDaniel ,  Aliatoona ,  Bartow  County ,  on 

Cotton. 

I  carefully  composted  the  following  acid  phosphates  sent 
by  you,  viz:  Stono,  Wando,  Grange  Mixture,  Leibig’s 
Formula,  and  National  Soluble  Bone,  in  the  proportion  of 
500  pounds  acid  phosphate,  750  pounds  cotton  seed,  and 
750  pounds  stable  manure  to  the  ton  ;  that  is,  one-fourth 
acid  phosphate  and  three-fourths  cotton  seed  and  stable 
manure. 

In  addition  to  the  above,  you  sent  me  a  sack  of  Pendle¬ 
ton’s  Superphosphate. 

I  also  composted  Etiwan  Acid  Phosphate  with  fowl  house 
cleanings  in  equal  weights  ;  and  a  large  amount  with  cot¬ 
ton  seed  and  stable  manure  in  same  proportions  as  above 
mentioned  acid  phosphates. 

I  have  tested  these  fertilizers,  eight  in  number,  on  three 
different  plats  of  land. 

Plat  No.  1  is  upland,  north  hill  side,  red  clay,  and  de¬ 
composing  slate  rock  underlying  the  surface  ;  naturally 
good  land  and  pretty  well  manured  for  several  years  past  ; 
was  cultivated  in  cotton  in  the  years  1871  and  1875,  and  in 
wheat  in  1874 ;  has  36  rows,  three  feet  apart,  and  35  yards 
long.  Nine  sets  of  four  rows  each,  giving  four  rows  to 
each  fertilizer,  and  four  rows  without  fertilizers. 


21 


The  land  was  well  plowed  before  planting  time  and  fer¬ 
tilizers  weighed  for  each  row,  and  put  in  a  deep  furrow 
and  a  bed  turned  on  ;  put  in  at  the  rate  of  200  pounds  per 
acre  in  the  two  middle  rows  of  each  set,  400  pounds  per 
acre  of  the  two  outside  rows  of  each  set,  except  the  set  of 
four  rows  with  nothing. 

I  planted  about  the  20th  of  April,  cotton  seed  being 
rolled  in  Etiwan  compost,  putting  a  light  sprinkle  of  Eti- 
wan  compost  with  the  seed,  covering  with  a  plow,  and 
boarding  off  when  well  sprouted.  Plowed  the  cotton  one 
time  while  young,  and  used  a  sweep  or  scrape  afterwards. 
Chopped  out  and  hoed  as  usual.  The  following  is  the 
rate  of  yield  per  acre. 

Grange, . 2  middle  rows  1,172  lbs . 2  outside  rows  1,365  lbs. 

Stono . 2  middle  rows  1,417  lbs . 2  outside  rows  1,435  lbs. 

Leibig’s  Formula . 2  middle  rows  1,417  lbs . 2  outside  rows  1,417  lbs. 

National  Sol.  Bone . 2  middle  rows  1,434  lbs . 2  outside  rows  1,451  lbs. 

Etiwan . 2  middle  rows  1,610  lbs . 2  outside  rows  1,540  lbs. 

Wando . 2  middle  rows  1,627  lbs . 2  outsidorows  1,715  lbs. 

Fowl-house . 2  middle  rows  1,470  lbs . 2  outside  rows  1,540  lbs. 

Pendleton . 2  middle  ro^s  1,591  lbs . 2  outsiie  rows  1,645  lbs. 

No  fertilizer . 2  middle  rows  1,750  lbs . 2  outside  rows  1,434  lbs. 

The  astonishing  yield  of  the  four  rows  without  fertilizer 
must  be  accounted  for  in  this  way.  A  hill  side  ditch  made 
in  the  winter  of  1875,  is  between  the  two  middle  rows,  and 
the  space  between  these  two  rows  is  some  five  feet.  A 
rich  sediment  was  constantly  accumulating  in  the  ditch  all 
the  time  for  months,  which  was  turned  out  by  plowing 
and  with  the  hoe.  The  soil  on  the  lower  side  of  the  ditch 
is  deep  and  rich.  This  with  the  light  sprinkle  of  Etiwan 
compost  with  the  seed  in  planting,  makes  up  the  large 
yield. 

I  regret  the  mishap.  I  should  also  s^ate  that  these  rows 
on  account  of  ditch  suffered  less  from  drought  than  the 

others. 

Plat  No.  2  is  creek  bottom,  but  high  enough  to  bet 
above  high  water  mark.  The  soil  mixed  slightly  with  fine 
sand,  and  good  clay  underlying  ;  has  been  in  cultivation 
over  forty  years  by  the  whites,  and  perhaps  much  longer 


22 


i 


by  the  Indians  ;  was  well  plowed  and  fertilized  for  six  years 
past ;  was  in  wheat  in  1874  and  cotton  the  past  and  pres¬ 
ent  years.  This  plat  has  36  rows  three  feet  apart  and  70 
yards  long.  Prepared,  fertilized,  planted  and  cultivated 
as  No.  1. 

Rate  of  yield  per  acre  : 

No  fertilizer . 2  middle  rows  1,272  lbs . 2  outside  rows  1,267  lbs. 

Leibig . 2  middle  rows  1,234  lbs . 2  outside  rows  1,522  lbs. 

Stono . 2  middle  rows  1,347  lbs . 2  outside  rows  1,435  lbs. 

Grange . _2  middle  rows  1,303  lbs . 2  outside  rows  1,225  lbs. 

Fowl-house . 2  middle  rows  1,312  ibs . 2  outside  rows  1,417  ]bs. 

National  Sol.  Bone . 3  middle  rows  1,190  lbs . 2  outside  rows  1,295  lbs. 

Pendleton .  2  middle  rows  1,382  lbs . 2  outside  rows  1,548  lbs. 

Wando . « . 2  middle  rows  1,480  lbs . 2  outside  rows  1,391  lbs. 

Etiwan . 2  middle  rows  1,391  lbs . 2  outside  rows  1,382  lbs. 


Plat  No.  3  is  second  bottom,  red  clay  under  the  soil ; 
old  land — in  wheat  in  the  year  1875  and  manured  with 
cotton  seed  broad  cast;  was  in  cotton  in  1874  and  fertilized 
in  the  drill.  Prepared,  fertilized,  planted,  and  cultivated, 
as  No.  1  and  2 — 32  rows,  3  feet  apart,  and  35  yards  long. 
Rate  of  yield  per  acre  as  follows: 

Fowl  house . 2  middle  rows,  857  lbs . 2  outside  rowrs,  822  lbs. 

Stono . 2  middle  rows,  787  “  . 2  outside  rows,  840  “ 

National  Sol.  Bone. ...2  middle  rows,  682  “  . . .2  outside  rows,  892  “ 

W  ando . 2  middle  rows,  735  “  . 2  outside  rows,  840  “ 

No  ^fertilizer . 2  middle  rows,  595  “  . 2  outside  rows,  735  “ 

Pendleton  fertilizer. ..2  middle  rows,  787  “  . 2  outside  rows,  892  “ 

Grange  fertilizer . 2  middle  rows,  682  “  . 2  outside  rows,  717  “ 

Leibig . 2  middle  rows,  612  “  . 2  outside  rows,  665  “ 

Plat  No.  4,  high  upland,  red  clay  and  decomposing 
slate  underlying.  This  is  the  fourth  consecutive  year  it 
has  been  in  cotton,  fertilized  each  year  in  the  drill;  36 
rows  3  feet  apart  and  70  yards  long;  18  rows  fertilized 
alternately  with  Leibig,  and  18  rows  with  Etiwan,  at  the 
rate  of  300  pounds  of  the  compost  of  each  per  acre.  Rate 
of  yield  per  acre  : 

Leibig,  980  pounds . Etiwan,  925  poundB. 

Plat  No.  5  is  the  same  quality  of  land  as  plat  No.  4; 
20  rows  3  feet  apart  and  70  yards  long,  alternately  fertil¬ 
ized  with  composts  of  Grange  Mixture  and  Etiwan,  at  the 
rate  of  300  pounds  per  acre.  The  average  yield  per  acre  : 

10  rows  Grange,  952  pounds . 1°  rows  Etiwan,  882  pounds. 


23 


Plat  No.  6  is  also  same  quality  of  land  as  No.  4 ;  20 
rows  3  feet  apart  and  70  yards  long,  fertilized  with  com¬ 
posts  of  fowlhouse  and  Etiwan,  alternately  at  the  rate  of 
300  pounds  per  acre  of  each. 


Average  yield  of  10  rows  Fowl  house  per  acre...... . 920  pounds. 

.  ...  Etiwan  . 801 


Plat  No.  7  is  same  quality  of  land  as  No.  4  ;  12  rows  3 
feet  apart  and  70  yards  long,  fertilized  with  composts  of 
Etiwan  and  Wando,  alternately  at  the  rate  of  300  pounds 
per  acre. 


Average  yield  per  acre  6  rows  Etiwan . „ . 971  pounds. 

.  .  Wando . 901 


Plat  No.  8  is  same  quality  of  land  as  No.  4;  12  rows 
3  feet  apart  and  35  yards  long  ;  fertilized  with  composts  of 
Leibig,  and  Pendleton’s  Superphosphate,  alternately,  at 
the  rate  per  acre  of  300  pounds  of  former  and  200  pounds 
of  latter. 


Average  yield  per  acre  6  rows  Liebig . . . 1,120  pounds. 

.  .  Pendleton . 1,213 


Plat  No.  9  is  same  quality  of  land  as  No.  1  ;  14  rows, 
3  feet  apart  and  35  yards  long;  Wando  and  Etiwan  com¬ 
posts  applied  alternately,  at  the  rate  of  400  pounds  per 
acre. 


Rate  of  yield  per  acre  of  Wando . 1,330  pounds. 

...  ...  ...  Etiwan . 1,480 


Plat  No.  10  is  same  quality  of  land  as  No.  2;  6  rows 
3  feet  apart  and  70  yards  long;  Stono  and  Leibig  com¬ 
posts  applied  at  the  rate  of  400  pounds'per  acre  alternately. 


Rate  of  yield  per  acre  of  Stono . . . 1,190  pounds. 

...  ...  ...  Leibig . 1 ,260 


Plat  No.  11,  planted  in  corn.  This  plat  is  creek  bot¬ 
tom,  subject  to  overflow,;  old  land,  and  has  been  planted  in 
corn  for  many  years.  Sediment  from  overflow  the  only 
manuring;  28  rows  3J  feet  apart  and  70  yards  long,  and 
one  stalk  every  3  feet  in  the  drill.  A  set  of  four  rows  for 
each  of  the  following  fertilizers:  Wando,  Leibig,  National, 
Stono,  and  Grange  Mixture  composts,  at  the  rate  of  250 


24 


pounds  per  acre  ;  and  Pendleton’s  Superphosphate  at  the 
rate  of  200  pounds  per  acre ;  and  4  rows  no  fertilizer. 

The  rate  of  yield  per  acre  of  middle  rows  of  each  set  is, 
as  follows:  Wando,  35  1-7  bushels;  Leibig,  35  bushels; 
National,  41  1-7  bushels ;  Pendleton,  35  1-7  bushels ; 
Stono,  38  4-7  bushels  ;  Grange  Mixture,  32  4-7  bushels  ; 
nothing,  25  5-7  bushels. 

In  the  year  1875  I  tested  on  plat  No.  1  and  plat  No.  4, 
and  the  yield  on  No.  1  was  about  the  same  as  the  present 
year;  but  on  No.  4  the  yield  was  700  lbs.  more  per  acre 
than  yield  of  present  year.  Some  other  portions  of  my 
crop  yielded  about  the  same  as  last  year,  whilst  by  far  the 
larger  portion  was  cut  off  as  plat  No.  4. 

In  this  locality  we  had  no  rain  during  the  last  three 
weeks  in  August  and  the  first  two  weeks  in  September ; 
and  we  had  an  early  killing  frost,  hence  in  the  large  por¬ 
tion  of  my  crop  the  burning  dry  weather  destroyed  the 
August  crop  of  fruit,  and  the  early  frost  the  larger  portion 
of  the  late  crop  of  fruit.  In  the  early  part  of  August  the 
prospect  of  a  very  large  yield  was  never  better. 

All  my  cotton  crop  except  the  plats  on  which  tests 
were  made,  was  fertilized  in  the  drill  with  the  Etiwan 
compost ;  and  in  planting  I  had  about  50  lbs.  to  the  acre 
put  with  the  seed  ;  and  as  the  plats  for  testing  were  staked 
off  in  the  different  fields,  they  received  the  same  amount 
with  seed-in  planting.  All  the  seed  was  rolled  in  the  com¬ 
post.  I  did  not  intend  this,  and  noticed  it  too  late  to 
prevent.  So  the  tests  on  the  rows  not  fertilized  in  the 
drills  before  planting,  were  not  fair.  In  the  plat  of  corn  it 
was  fair,  as  there  was  not  a  particle  in  four  rows  in  the 
middle  of  the  plat. 

It  seems  however  to  demonstrate  that  a  moderate  por¬ 
tion  of  fertilizers  put  with  the  seed,  pays  better  on  good 
land  than  in  the  drill  under  the  seed. 

I  think  the  fertilizers  I  have  used  in  testing  this  year  are 
all  good.  The  yield  has  varied  materially  on  different 


25 


plats.  It  is  impossible  to  lay  off  plats  entirely  equal  in  all 
parts";  and  the  stand  will  frequently  vary  in  different  rows. 
The  nearest  approximation  to  a  perfect  test  of  two  fertili¬ 
zers,  can  be  made  by  testing  in  alternate  rows.  All  of 
which  is  respectfully  submitted. 

Experiment  of  B.  Le Sueur,  Knoxville ,  Crawford  County ,  Ga. 
Soil  not  described. 

oSoluble  Pacific  Guano,  90  pounds  per  acre . 770  lbs.  seed  cotton  per  acre 

Wilson’s  Super-Phosphate  of  Lime,  90  pounds  per  acre . 525  ... 

aCotton  Seed  Compost,  200  pounds  per  acre . .  630  ... 

Without  Fertilizer . . . 850  ... 

Of  the  cotton  fertilized  with  Soluble  Pacific  Guano,  nine- 
tenths  was  gathered  before  cold  weather ;  of  that  with 
cotton  seed  compost  eight-ninths,  and  of  that  with  Wil¬ 
son’s  super-phosphate  of  lime,  six-sevenths. 

He  used  the  Soluble  Pacific  under  corn,  resulting  in 
trebling  the  yield.  He  thinks  it  quadrupled  the  yield  of 
sweet  potatoes. 

Experiment  of  T.  H.  Kimbrough ,  Cataula)  Harris  Comity ,  on 
„  Cotton. 

The  same  experiment  was  made  on  different  plats — one 
gray  and  the  other  red  soil.  Mr.  Kimbrough  thinks  that 
125  pounds  per  acre  would  have  produced  more  than  200 
during  the  last  season,  which  was  too  dry  for  liberal  man¬ 
uring. 

Pounds  seed  cotton  per  acre 
Gray  Land.  Red  Lan  d 


aC.  C.  Coe’s  Super  Phosphate, 200  pounds  per  acre .  525  620 

Without  Fertilizer  .  245  262 

Ober’s  Ammoniated  Super-Phosphate,  200  pounds  per  acre...  568  576 

Without  1  ertilizer . . .  250  264 

Soluble  Pacific  Guano,  200  pounds  per  acre .  580  570 

Without  Fertilizer .  244  262 

aDugdale’s  Ammoniated  Super-Phosphate,  200  lbs.  per  acre..  550  560 

Without  Fertilizer .  245  265 

aBarry’s  Com.  Bi-Phos.  of  Lime  compost,  200  pounds  per  acre  530  576 


Experiment  of  L.  M.  Felton ,  Marshallville ,  Macon  County ,  on 

Cotton. 

Soil  described  as  uniform  but  thin,  and  having  been 
under  cultivation  for  many  years.  Mr,  Felton  used  167 


26 


lbs.  of  each  fertilizer  on  ten  rows  475  yards  long,  or  170 
lbs.  per  acre. 

aSardy’sPhos-Peruvian,  170  pounds  of  Eertilizer  per  acre. ..462  lbs.  seed  cotton  per  acre' 


aPatapsco  Guano,  170  pounds  per  acre . 517  ... 

aSoluble  Pacific  Acid  Phosphate,  170  pounds  per  acre . 500  ... 

Without  Fertilizer . 853  ... 


Experiment  of  P.  R.  Hutchins ,  Duluth,  Gwinnett  County,  on 

Cotton. 

Soil. — Black  sandy,  with  clay  subsoil,  southern  expos¬ 
ure,  rows  running  east  and  west ;  in  cotton  1873,  corn 
1874,  wheat  1875.  Turned  with  one  horse  plow  March 
10th,  bedded  on  fertilizers  April  20th,  planted  with  Dow 
Law  April  21st,  covered  with  board.  Weather  dry  and 
cotton  slow  in  coming  up,  but  a  good  stand  was  finally 
secured.  Sided  May  19th,  chopped  out  22d,  leaving  2 
stalks  18  inches  apart.  Subsequent  cultivation  with  sweeps 
and  hoes  ;  seasons  good  to  August  5th,  when  drouth  com¬ 
menced,  causing  the  cotton  to  shed  badly. 

Plat  No.  1. 

aC.  C.  Coe’s  Super-Phosphate,  420  pounds  per  acre . 1050  lbs.  seed  cotton  per  acre 

Without  Fertilizer... . ; . 770  ... 

aDugdale’s  Ammoniated  Super-Phos.  420  pounds  per  acre... 1155  ... 

Without  Fertilizer . .  805  ... 

aBarry’s  Com.  Bi-Phos.  compost,  700  pounds  per  acre . 1085  ... 

Plat  No.  2. 

aC.  C.  Coe’s  Super- Phosphate,  420’pounds  per  acre .  980  ... 

Without  Fertilizer .  735  ... 

aDugdale’s  Am .  Super-Phosphate,  210  pounds  per  acre....  840  ... 

Without  Fertilizer .  665  ... 

aBarry’s  Com.  Bi-Phos.  of  Lime  Com’t,  272  pounds  per  acre  770  ... 

Experiment  of  Wm.  Studstill,  Temperance,  Telfair  County ,  on 

Cotton. 

Soil,  etc. — Gray  sandy,  not  fertilized  in  1875.  It  was 
subsoiled  8  inches  deep.  Cotton  planted  6th  April,  good 
stand  up  by  16th  ;  injured  by  cut  worms — re-planted  May 
1st ;  plowed  May  8th  with  solid  sweep — chopped  to  a 
stand  9th  ;  second  plowing  and  hoeing  29th — plowed  with 
sweep  June  13th  and  29th — scraped  over  very  shallow  July 
12th  and  laid  by.  Commenced  picking  August  18th. 


27 


Seasons  good  to  July  10th,  after  which  the  cotton  made 
nothing. 

oOber’s  So.  Carolina  Dissolved  Bone,  200  pounds  per  acre. ..1050  lbs.  seed  cotton  per  acre 


Without  Fertilizer . 1050  ... 

aWilcox  &  Gibbs’  Manipu’td  Guano,  200  pounds  per  acre. ..1190  ... 

Bradley’s  Am.  Dissolved  Bones,  200  pounds  per  acre . 1190  ... 

Sardy’s  Pbospho  Peruvian,  200  pounds  per  acre . 1172% 


Experiment  of  H.  L.  W.  Allison ,  Rising  Fawn,  Dade  County , 

on  Com  and  Grass. 

Soil. — Black  loam.  He  applied  Climax  Super-Phos¬ 
phate  to  corn  in  the  hill.  Result — The  product  on  the 
fertilized  rows  weighed  62  lbs.  per  bushel,  while  that  from 
the  unfertilized  weighed  only  55  lbs.  He  top  dressed 
orchard  grass  with  Land  Plaster  with  most  satisfactory 
results — weights  not  given. 

Experiment  of  Jas.  H.  McElmurray ,  Butler ,  Taylof  County,  on 

Cotton . 

Soil,  etc. — Ordinary  pine  land  with  sandy  soil  and 
yellow  subsoil.  Land  well  broken,  flush,  with  diamond 
pointed  shovel ;  cotton  planted  last  of  April  in  shallow 
furrow  and  covered  with  board  ;  good  stand  secured. 

Cultivation. — Barred  off  with  short  turn-plow,  very 
shallow,  using  a  small  half  scrape  on  the  heel  of  the  stock 
under  the  tap.  After  chopping  to  a  stand,  it  was  sided 
with  small  shovel  and  short  scrape.  It  was  plowed  four 
times,  and  hoed  once  after  it  was  chopped  out.  Land 

never  fertilized  before.  Seasons  good  ’till  August  1st, 
after  which  the  cotton  suffered  from  drouth  and  excessive 

heat.  Injury  estimated  at  one-third. 

aP.  B  A  P.  Soluble  Bone,  200  pounds  per  acre . 700  pounds  seed  cotton  per  acre 

Without  fertilizer . 420 

aAbaco  Guano,  200  pounds  per  acre . 770 

Mr.  McElmurray  received  sample  of  Ragsdale’s  Ammo- 
niated  Super-Phosphate  after  the  above  plat  was  planted. 
He  applied  this  to  very  poor  old  land,  75  lbs.  per  acre — 
says  it  doubled  the  crop.  He  used  the  Abaco  Guano  and 
P.®  B.  &  P.  Soluble  Bone  on  red  land  with  satisfactory 
results. 


28 


\ 


Experiment  op  J.  R.  Respess ,  Ellaville ,  Schley  County ,  on 

Cotto?i . 

Soil. — Coarse  and  sandy,  Fertilized  in  1875.  Prepar- . 
ed  and  cultivated  as  usual. 


Plat  No.  1. 


oEtiwan  Guano,  200  pounds  of  fertilizer  per  acj:e .  970  lbs.  seed  cotton  per  acre 

Without  Fertilizer .  830  ... 

aExcellenza  Cotton  Fertilizer,  200  pounds  per  acre . 1070  ... 

Without  Fertilizer .  830  ... 

aNational  Sol.  Bone  (Pratt)  compost,  200  pounds  per  acre. ..1004  ... 

W  ithout  Fertilizer .  804  ... 

Manipulated  Guano  (Wilcox  &  Gibbs),  200  pounds  per  acre...  980  ... 

Without  Fertilizer . 840  ... 


Plat  No.  2. — Sandy  soil,  with  clay  subsoil, 
in  1874.  Cultivated  as  No.  2. 


Fertilized 


Etivran  Guano  (purchased)  200  pounds  per  acre . 1,120  lbs.  seed  cotton  per  acre 

Without  fertilizer . 1,050  ... 

aEtiwan  Guano,  200  pounds  per  acre . 1,120  ... 

W  thout  fertilizer . 1,000  ... 

aExcellenza  Cotton  Fertilizer,  200  pounds  per  acre . 1,057  ... 

Without  fertilizer .  960  ... 

aNatiOhal  Soluble  Bone  compost,  200  pounds  per  acre . 1,190  ... 

Without  fertilizer .  960  ... 

Manipulated  Guano  (Wilcox  &  Gibbs)  200  lbs.  per  acre. ..1.190  ... 

Without  fertilizer .  980  ... 

Plat  No.  3. — Sandy  hammock  land,  very  good.  Pre¬ 
pared,  planted  and  cultivated  as  the  other  two.  Never  fer¬ 
tilized  before. 

Etiwan  Guano,  purchased,  100  pounds  per  acre . 1,750  lbs.  seed  cotton  per  acre 

Without  fertilizer . 1,120  ... 

aEtiwan  Guano,  100  pounds  per  acre . 1,540  ... 

Without  fertilizer . 1,080  ... 

aExcellenza  Cotton  Fertilizer,  100  pounds  per  acre . 1,433  ... 

Without  fertilizer . 1,050  ... 

aNational  Soluble  Bone  compost,  100  pounds  per  acre . 1,540  ... 

Without  fertilizer . 1,080  ... 

Manipulated  Guano  (Wilcox  &  Gibbs)  100  pounds  peracrel,100  ... 

Without  fertilizer . 1,050  ... 

Experiment  of  Samuel  Hape ,  Hapeville ,  Fulton  County,  on 

Cotton. 


Soil.— -Very  thin  mullatto  with  very  hard  red  clay  sub¬ 
soil. 

Preparation. — About  the  middle  of  April  the  rows  were 
laid  off  •  3J  feet  apart  (without  breaking  the  land  flush,) 


29 


* 


throwing  the  dirt  out  with  a  turn-shovel,  and  following  in 
the  bottom  of  the  furrow  with  a  scooter  2  inches  wide  and 
16  inches  long,  breaking  the  ground  about  8  inches  deep. 
In  this  furrow  the  fertilizers  were  distributed.  The  bed¬ 
ding  was  done  with  a  scooter  4  inches  wide  and  14  long. 

Cotton  planted  May  11th,  with  a  Ferguson  planter; 
30th,  barred  off  and  brought  to  a  stand  ;  31st,  middles 
plowed  out  with  14  inch  scooter.  June  20th,  plowed  out 
with  scooter  and  scrape;  June  29th,  hoed;  July  Jst, 
plowed  with  a  scooter  and  scrape  ;  July  19th,  same  treat¬ 
ment,  leaving  the  land  perfectly  clean.  Three  rows  were 
fertilized  and  three  not,  through  the  plats  ;  all  of  the  three 
picked  for  the  test. 


Castoria,  200  pounds  per  acre . . 

Without  fertilizer . 

oGray’s  Fertilizing  Compound,  200  pounds  per  acre . . 

Without  fertilizer . 

aDiamond  Am’d  Dis.  Bone  compost,  350  pounds  per  acre 

Without  fertilizer . 

aGuanape  Guano  compost,  350  pounds  per  acre . 

Without  fertilizer . 

aAbaco  Guano,  200  pounds  per  acre . 

Without  fertilizer . 


160  lbs.  seed  cotton  per  acre 
,  45  ...  ...  ... 

80 . 

,  70 . 

440  . 

100 . 

47o  ... 

.140 . 

.160 . 

.130 . 


Experiment  of  J.  O .  Boswell,  Woodville ,  Greene  County ,  on 

Cotton. 

Soil,  etc. — Sandy,  with  red  clay  sub-soil,  such  as  would 
be  called  “  old  worn  out  land.”  Broken  in  January  with  a 
two  horse  Brinly  plow  ;  in  March  rows  opened  3  feet  apart 
and  fertilizers  applied  and  covered  4J  inches  deep  ;  bed¬ 
ded  on  with  one-horse  Brinly. 

Cotton  planted  April  28th.  No  fertilizer  had  been  ap¬ 
plied  to  the  land  for  six  years.  Cultivated  with  sweep  and 

hoe.  Picking  commenced  August  25th  and  was  finished 

■ 

last  of  November. 

Without  fertilizer . . . 450  pounds  seed  cotton  per  aoTe 

aWilliams  &  Brumby’s  Ground  Bone,  200  lbs  per  acre, 

composted . 990  ... 

oSolubie  Sea  Island,  200  lbs  per  acre . '. . . 800 


-  30 

l 

Experiment  of  E.  B.  Heard ,  Elberton ,  Elbert  County ,  Cotton. 

Soil,  etc. — Calcarous  (?)  with  clay  subsoil,  cleared  in 
1875  and  broken  with  turn  plow ;  growth  common  pine. 
Opened  furrows  3  feet  apart  with  shovel  running  twice  to 
the  row  ;  applied  the  fertilizers  and  bedded  with  turn-plow. 
Opened  with  bull-tongue,  planted  seed  and  covered  with 
harrow  May  10th.  Barred  off  with  turn  plow  23d ;  29th 
chopped  to  stand;  June  6th  plowed  with  sweep  two  fur¬ 
rows  to  the  row  and  again  the  same  way  29th.  Hoed  July 
5th.  August  7th  plowed  with  sweep  3  furrows  to  the  row, 
which  laid  it  by. 

Seasons. — May  8th,  rain — fair  and  cold  to  13th,  then 
light  rain ;  fair  and  warm  to  21st,  then  light  rain  ;  fair  and 
warm  to  27th,  cool  rain  from  N.  E. ;  29th  fair;  30th 
cloudy  and  pleasant ;  31st  light  rain  from  East. 

June  1st,  rain  from  N.  E. ;  2d  warm;  3d  light  rain  and 
cloudy  ;  fair  warm  days  and  cool  nights  to  llth  ;  11th  and 
12th,  cool  and  damp  ;  13th,  rain  from  East ;  14th  and  15th, 
rain  from  South  ;  fair  to  20th,  light  shower  ;  fair  and  very 
hot  to  30th,  light  rain. 

July  1st  and  2d,  heavy  rain;  hot  and  dry  to  21st,  very 
light  rain  ;  fair  and  cool  to  29th  ;  29th  and  30th,  rain,  and 

and  31st,  heavy  rain. 

August  1st,  2d,  3d  and  4th,  rain  ;  fair  8th,  shower  ; 
9th  rain  ;  fair  to  13th  and  14th,  heavy  rain  ;  fair  to  20th, 
light  rain ;  fair  to  25th,  light  rain  ;  dry  and  hot  with  cool 
nights  to  September  10th,  light  rain  ;  llth,  heavy  rain  ; 
dry  to  21st,  heavy  rain ;  dry  with  cool  nights  to  20th  Oc¬ 
tober,  rain. 

October  1st  and  2d,  light  frost  and  16th,  17th  and  18th, 
heavy  frost. 

Mr.  Heard  used  the  following  formula  for  composting, 
viz:  Nitrate  of  Soda,  60  lbs.;  Sulphate  of  Ammonia,  40  lbs.; 
Green  Cotton  Seed,  300  lbs;  Stable  Manure,  1,400  lbs.  ; 
Dissolved  Bone,  200  lbs.  Total  one  ton  of  2,000  lbs. 


SI 


Without  Fertilizer . . . 

aP.  B.  &  P.  Soluble  Bone,  200  lbs.  per  acre . 

Without  Fertilizer . 

a  Chesapeake  Guano,  200  lbs.  per  acre . 

Without  Guano . 

a  Cotton  Compound  Am.  Diss.  Bone,  200  lbs.  per  acre 

Without  Fertilizer . . . . 

Home  compost,  by  above  formula,  200  lbs.  per  acre..., 


490  lbs.  seed  cotton  per  acre. 

927  . 

481  . 

1,023>£  . 

498  . 

980  . 

490 
.  910 


Experiment  of  J.  B.  Ware ,  of  Heatd  County ,  on  Cotton. 


Soil. — Mulatto,  not  in  cultivation  in  1875.  Planted  and 
gathered  as  directed. 

a  Minor’s  Am.  Super-phosphate,  200  lbs.  per  acre . 810  lbs.  seed  cotton  per  acre 

a  Soluble  Pacific  Acid  Phosphate,  200  lbs.  per  acre . 743  ... 

a  Peruvian  Guano,  200  lbs.  per  acre . . . 908  ... 

Without  Fertilizer . ..402  ... 

Cumberland  Ammoniated  Super-phos. ,  ^00  lbs.  per  acre . 743  ... 

Sea  Fowl  Guano,  200  lbs.  per  acre . 717  ... 

Manipulated  Guano,  (Wilcox  &  Gibbs),  200  lbs.  per  acre. ..*... 577  ... 


Experiment  of  H.  W.  Mattox ,  McIntosh ,  Liberty  County ,  on 

Cotton  and  Com. 

Soil.— Not  described,  but  represented  as  being  very  poor. 
He  composted  Zell’s  Acid  Phosphate,  by  mixing  two 
pounds  of  stable  manure  with  one  of  the  acid  phosphate. 
Applied  fertilizer  to  four  rows  as  directed.  So  much  of  the 
cotton  was  destroyed  by  storm,  that  it  was  not  practicable 
to  weigh  the  results,  but  he  says:  “ Where  I  applied  the 
fertilizer,  the  land  produced  three  times  as  much  cotton.” 
The  fertilizer  was  applied  at  the  rate  of  200  lbs.  per  acre. 

He  applied  Etiwan  Guano  and  compost  to  corn,  at  the 
rate  of  200  lbs.  per  acre,  each,  to  four  rows  and  measured 
the  corn  from  sixty  stalks,  with  the  following  results  : 


a  4  rows,  Etiwan  Guano . . . 2%  bushels  to  60  stalks. 

a  4  “  Zell’s  Cotton  Acid  Phosphate  compost . 2  . 

4  “  Without  Fertilizer . . . 1%  . 


Experiment  of  Daniel  A.  Horn ,  Boston ,  Thomas  County ,  on 

Cotton. 

Soil. — Thin  gray,  with  yellow  clay  subsoil,  ten  or  twelve 
inches  below  the  surface,  and  liable  to  sob  when  there  is 
much  rain,  which  was  the  case  this  year,  soon  after  the 
cotton  came  up  and  before  it  was  chopped  out. 


4 


32 


Cotton  planted  April  18,  chopped  out  May  10,  hoed 
once  afterward,  and  plowed  four  times  with  gopher  and 
sweep.  Mr.  Horn  says  :  “  The  cotton  began  to  show  signs 
of  ‘blight’  ^June  27,  as  the  result  of  four  inches  of  rain 
which  fell  on  the  16th,  and  was  followed  by  excessively  hot 
and  dry  weather.”  All  the  plats  came  up  alike,  but  Nos. 
1  and  3  grew  off  very  slowly,  and  “fully  two-fifths  died  out 
— others  nearly  an  average  stand.”  “Nos.  4  and  6  were 
not  attacked  by  blight  as  early  as  the  others,  probably  be¬ 
cause  they  were  not  quite  so  forward,  but  had  more  young 
fruit  when  attacked.” 

Mr.  Horn  says:  “I  did  not  make  over  half  a  crop — 
never  had  a  good  season  from  middle  of  June  until  the 
weed  was  dead.  Cotton  all  dead  at  second  picking.” 

1.  Without  Fertilizer . 128  lbs.  seed  cotton  per  acre 

2.  a  Sardy’s  Phospho-Peruvian  Guano,  200  lbs.  per  acre . 426  ... 

3.  Compound  mixed  by  Mr.  Horn,  as  follows :  25  lbs.  Peru¬ 

vian  Guano,  50  lbs.  Land  Plaster,  and  25  lbs.  Whann’s 
Raw  Bone  Super-phosphate,  200  lbs.  per  acre . 373  ... 

4.  Land  Plaster,  400  lbs.  per  acre . 187  ... 

5.  a  Sea  Gull  Am.  Dissolved  Bone,  200  lbs.  per  acre . . . 426  .. 

6.  Manure  from  lots,  littered  with  pine  straw,  12  ox-cart 

loads  per  acre . 846  ...  ... 

Experiment  of  Wm.  Hix ,  Dirt  Tozvn,  Chattooga  County ,  on 

Cotton . 

Soil.— -Mulatto,  with  red  clay  subsoil. 

Seasons.— Very  wet  to  July  4,  after  which,  he  says  there 
were  “  three  months  and  a-half  of  the  dryest  weather  I 
ever  saw. 


>> 


Soluble  Pacific  Guano,  350  lbs.  per  acre . 704  lbs.  seed  cotton  per  acre 

Wattson  <fc  Clark’s  Super-phosphate,  350  lbs.  per  acre, . 787  ” 

Cumberland  Am.  Super-phosphate,  350  lbs.  per  acre . 779 

Bales’  Guano,  350  lbs.  per  acre . 660% 

a  Sea  Fowl  Guano,  350  lbs.  per  acre . 686% 

a  Grange  Mixture,  350  lbs.  per  acre . 665 

Without  Fertilizer . 415 

Cotton  Seed  Compost  and  Carolina  Fertilizer  were  as¬ 
signed  Mr.  Hix,  but  he  reports  the  Sea  Fowl  Guano  and 
Grange  Mixture. 


33 


Experiment  of  Charles  Deckner ,  Fulton  County ,  071  Corn. 

Soil. — Light  gray  upland,  with  a  loose  clay  sub  soil  ; 
growth  oak  and  hickory, 

Preparation. — Broken  in  the  Fall  of  1875,  with  a  two 
horse  turning  plow  and  thoroughly  harrowed  early  in  the 
Spring  of  1876.  Land  freshly  cleared,  rows  4  feet.  Fer¬ 
tilizers  distributed  and  bedded  on  and  corn  planted. 

Cultivation. — Plowed  twice  with  common  scooter  and 
hoed  once. 

Without  fertilizer . 4.87  bushels  corn  per  acre,  87  ibs.  fodder  per  acre 

aBahama  Soluble  Guano,  200  pounds 

per  acre . . 16.75  .  ...  180  . 

aEnoch  Coe’s  Arn’d  Bone  Superphos¬ 
phate,  200  pounds  per  acre . 12.82  .  ...  165  . 

Tennessee  Valley  Guano, "200  pounds 

per  acre . 16  80  .  ...  250  . 

Seasons  very  good  and  stand  perfect. 

Experiment  of  James  Pattillo ,  West  Point ,  P.  O.  Harris 

County,  on  Cotton. 

Soil. — Old  worn  out  land.  Seasons  unfavorable — very 
little  rain  after  1st  July. 

Without  fertilizer . 350  lbs.  seed  cotton  per  acre 

aAtlantic  Acid  Phosphate,  200  pounds  per  acre . . . 490  ... 

Barry’s  Chemical  Fertilizer  was  received  by  Mr.  Pattillo 
and  tested  under  cotton,  but  unfortunately  he  has  not  re¬ 
ported  results,  only  remarking  that  he  used  it  with  il  about 
the  same  results  ”  as  above. 

Experiment  of  Jas.  H.  Fannin ,  La  Grange,  Troup  County,  on 

Cotton. 

Soil. — Sandy  Loam  with  yellow  clay  subsoil.  Very  old 
land.  In  corn  without  manure  the  year  before.  Seasons 
good  to  the  latter  part  of  July,  after  which  it  was  very  dry. 
Only  2d  picking  given. 

3 


34 


aSardy’s  Am’d  Soluble  Pacific,  200  lbs.  per  acre . 210  lbs.  seed  cotton  per  acre  2d  picking 

Without  fertilizer . 175  ... 

aSardy’s  Dis.  Bone  Phos.com.,  200  lbs.  per  acre. ..192  ... 

Without  fertilizer . 140  ... 

aDickson’s  Fertilizer  [AJ  200  pounds  per  acre . 297...  ... 

Without  fertilizer . 210  ... 

a  Wando  Acid  Phos.  compost,  200  lbs.  per  acre . 140... 

Without  fertilizer .  87  ... 

The  test  rows  were  picked  the  first  time  during  Col. 
Fannin’s  absence,  hence  he  was  only  able  to  report  the 
2d  and  last  picking. 

Experiment  of  A.  E.  Tarver ,  Bartow ,  Jefferson  County ,  on 

Cotton . 

Soil. — Gray  sandy  with  stiff  red  clay  subsoil  12  inches 
below  the  surface,  June  and  July  were  seasonable;  too 
much  rain  1st  August,  causing  the  cotton  on  the  whole 
plat  to  rust.  After  that  time  not  rain  enough.  Cctton 
made  nothing  after  August  15th. 

Barry’s  Compound  Biphosphate  of  Lime  composted  600  lbs. 

per  acre . . . 875  lbs.  seed  cotton  per  acre 

Mathis’  Chern.  Compound  compost,  600  pounds  per  acre... 875 

cSSlono  Acid  Phosphate  compost,  600  pounds  per  acre . 840 

E,  Frank  Coe’s  Am’d  Superphosphate,  200  lbs.  per  acre. . .  .840 
Manipulated  Guano(Wilcox  &  Gibbs)200  pounds  per  acre..822%  ... 
aPendietou’s  Am’d  Superphos.,  200 pounds  per  acre . ....805 

Howland’s  (Solomon’s)  Chem.  Compound,  200  lbs.  per  acre805  ...  ...  ... 

Salt  and  Ashes  compost,  600  lbs.  per  acre . * . 805 

Logan’s  So*  Fer.  Compound  compost,  600  lbs.  per  acre . 770 

aOber’s  Am’d  Supet  phosphate,  200  pounds  per  acre . 735 

Without  fertilizer . 5G0 

In  the  above  experiment  the  fertilizers  were  applied  in 
consecutive  rows.  This  is  not  a  reliable  method,  since 
the  roots  of  the  cotton  will  extend  across  the  rows  and  re¬ 
ceive  the  benefit  of  the  fertilizers  applied  to  the  rows  on 
each  side  of  it. 

Experiment  of  E.  C  Grier,  Griswoldviile,  Jones  Co.,  on  Cotton. 

“The  soil  is  sandy,  and  as  nearly  uniform  as  could  be  de¬ 
sired.  The  rows  were  across  the  whole  field — over  six 
hundred  yards  long.”  The  land  was  in  corn  in  1875,  with¬ 
out  fertilizer ;  produced  about  sixteen  bushels  per  acre. 

Seasons  good  until  August ;  he  thinks  the  cotton  was 
not  “materially  injured  for  want  of  rain.” 


35 


\ 


The  rows  were  laid  off  with  a  long,  narrow  shovel,  three 


feet  three  inches  wide,  on  the  1st  and  2d  of  April  ;  one 


acre  with  each  kind  of  fertilizer.  The  fertilizers  were  ap¬ 
plied  and  bedded  on  the  1st  and  2d  days  of  April,  May 
3d,  seed  rolled  in  Soluble  Pacific  Guano,  six  or  eight  pounds 
per  acre,  and  planted.  A  good  stand  was  secured. 

May  23d  and  24th,  chopped  to  a  stand;  June  1st  swept 
two  furrows  to  the  row ;  8th,  hoed ;  20th,  swept  two  fur¬ 
rows ;  26th,  hoed;  30th,  swept ;  July  24th,  swept;  August 
2d,  swept  one  furrow. 


aGeorgia  State  Grange  Dissolved  Bones,100  pounds  composted  with  150 
pounds  each  of  cotton  seed  and  stable  manure,  400  pounds  fer¬ 
tilizer  per  acre . 

aSolomou’e  Chemical  Compound,  100  pounds  composted  with  150 
pounds  each  of  cotton  seed  and  stable  manure,  400  pounds  fer¬ 
tilizer  per  acre . 

Georgia  State  Grange  Fertilizer,  200  pounds  fertilizer  per  acre . 

Soluble  Pacific  Guano,  200  pounds  feriilizer  pet  acre . 

aPatapsco  Soluble  Guano,  200  pounds  fertilizer  per  acre . 

aWattson  &  Clark’s  Superphosphate,  200  pounds  fertilizer  per  acre . 

aEussell  Coe’s  Am’d  Superphosphate,  200  pounds  fertilizer  per  acre . 

Without  fertilizer . 

Logan’s  Southern  Fertilizing  Compound,  100  pounds  composted  with 
150  pounds  each  of  cotton  seed  and  stable  manure,  400  pounds 
fertilizer  per  acre . 


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Experiment  of  J.  R.  Cooper ,  Ogeecheey  c  re  ven  County ,  on 

Cotton. 

Soil.— Very  thin,  sandy;  never  fertil  ed  before. 
Planted  April  20th;  plowed  four  time  with  sweep  and 
hoed  twice. 

Without  fertilizer . . . „ . 297%  lbs.  seed  cotton  per  acre 

aCuinberland  Superphosphate,  200  ponnds  per  acre . 472%... 

Stono  Soluble  Guano,  200  pounds  per  acre . . . .  ..490 

National  Am’d  Soluble  Bone,  200  pounds  per  acre . 529 

aBradley’s  Am’d  Soluble  Bone,  200  pounds  per  acre . 621 

E.  Frank  Coe’s  Am’d  Bone  Superphos.,  200  lbs.  per  acre. ..630 

Georgia  State  Grange  Fertilizer,  200  pounds  per  acre . 490 

Ga.  State  Grange  Dissolved  Bones  composted  %  Dissolved 

Bones  to  %  cotton  seed,  200  pounds  per  acre . 385 

Whann’s  Raw  Bone  Superphos.,  200  pounds  per  acre . 490 


/ 


36 


Experiment  of  M.  S.  Paden,  Woodstock ,  Cherokee  County ,  on- 

Corn  and  Cotton . 

Soil. — High,  upland,  red  clay  soil,  and  stiff,  red  clay 
subsoil. 

Land  broken  in  February  with  No.  3  Watt  plow,  very 
deep. 

April  1st,  applied  broadcast  and  plowed  in  deep,  500 
lbs.  of  compost  of  stable  manure,  cotton  seed  and  Atlantic 
Acid  Phosphate.  Corn  rows  were  laid  off  five  feet  wide. 
Ober’s  Am’d.  Sup.-phosphate  and  Patapsco  Soluble  Guano, 
were  used  at  the  rate  of  200  lbs.  per  acre,  in  the  drill,  and 
compost  at  the  rate  of  300  lbs.  per  acre.  These  increased 
the  yield  of  corn  five  bushels  per  acre  over  that  portion  to 
which  no  fertilizer  was  applied  in  the  drill. 

The  plat  planted  in  cotton  was  prepared  as  above,  and 
750  lbs.  compost  applied  broadcast  and  plowed  in. 


Plat  No.  1. 


Compost  of  stable  manure,  cotton  seed  and  Atlantic  Acid 

Phosphate,  300  pounds  per  acre . „1,277}£  lbs.  seed  cotton  per  acre 

Without  fertilizer . 1,157 

Liverpool  salt,  300  pounds  per  acre . 1,260 

Without  fertilizer  in  the  drill— top-dressed,  100  pounds 


per  acre  . . 1,125 

aPatapsco  Soluble  Guano,  300  pounds  per  acre . 1,090 

Without  fertilizer . 1,060 


Plat  No.  2. 


aOber’s  Sol.  Am’d  Superphosphate,  400  lbs.  per  acre . 1,268 

Without  fertilizer .  945 

aPatapsco  Soluble  Guano,  400  pounds  per  acre . 1,260 

Compost  (equal  money  value  as  above) . ..1,137 

Without  fertilizer .  997 % 

Without  fertilizer  in  drill,  but  top-dressed,  100  pounds 
per  acre . 1,050 


lbs.  seed  cotton  per  acr& 


•  ••  ••• 

•••  •  ••  •  •• 

•••  ••• 


The  rows  were  three  feet  and  the  cotton  chopped  to  18 
inches,  one  stalk  in  the  hill. 

The  above  experiment  is  not  reliable  as  a  test  of  the 
fertilizers  on  account  of  the  heavy  broadcasting  which  the 
whole  plat  received,  and  the  impossibibility  of  an  exactly 
uniform  distribution  of  fertilizers,  broadcast,  without  ma¬ 
chinery. 


37 


Mr.  Paden  received  samples  of  Defiance  Super  Phos¬ 
phate,  and  Stern’s  Ammoniated  Bone  Super-Phosphate 
for  test,  but  too  late  to  use  in  the  drill,  and  he  used  these 
for  the  top  dressing  of  100  lbs.  per  acre,  in  the  rows 
“without  fertilizer”  in  each  of  the  plats. 

Experiment  of  Wm.  C.  Kilgore ,  Beech  Grove,  Walker  Co. , 

on  Sweet  Potatoes. 

Soil. — Upland,  with  clay  subsoil — very  light,  loose 
soil — growth,  oak,  hickory  and  pine. 

Seasons,  good  to  20th  August,  after  which  there  was  no 
more  rain  till  last  of  September. 

Land  broken  with  No.  20  Oliver  Chilled  plow,  and 
afterwards  bedded  four  feet  wide.  Slips  set  20  to  24 
inches  apart. 

«rEtiwan  Dis.  Bone  24  per  cent.,  200  pounds  per  acre . 110  bushels  of  potatoes  per  acre 


aBale’s  Guano,  200  pounds  per  acre . 110  ... 

Without  fertilizer .  70  ... 


Mr.  Kilgore  applied  the  above  fertilizers  to  corn,  but  the 
bud  worm  injured  the  stand  so  that  he  was  unable  to  make 
a  report  of  results. 

Experiment  of  W.  F.  Mathews ,  Winterville ,  Oglethorpe 

County ,  on  Corn  and  Cotton. 

Soil. — Dark  red,  well  broken  and  bedded  with  turning 
shovel ;  rows  three  feet  apart. 

Cotton  planted  April  20th.  First  two  plowings  done 
with  square  pointed  scooter  ;  chopped  to  two  stalks  to 
every  ten  inches  ;  last  plowing  done  with  sweep  ;  well  hoed 
after  each  plowing. 

Seasons. — May,  8J-  inches  of  rain  ;  June,  10f  ;  July,  7J; 
August,  5iV ;  September,  2  j,  to  22d  of  the  month. 

Plat  No.  1. — Cotton. 

«Blue  Bone  Super-Phosphate,  200  pounds  per  acre . 695  lbs.  seed  cotton  per  acre 

Without  Fertilizer . 542%  . 

etEchols’  Acid  Phosphate,  200  pounds  per  acre . 752%  . 

Without  Fertilizer . * . . % . . . 525 


••• 


38 


Plat  No.  2. — Corn. 

aEchoPs  Acid  Phosphate,  200  pounds  per  acre,  yield,  10,77  bushels  corn,  and  400 
400  pounds  fodder  per  acre. 

Without  Fertilizer,  9.65  bushels  corn,  and  390  pounds  fodder  per  acre. 
aBlue  Bone  Super-Phosphate,  200  pounds  per  acre,  yield,  11.5  bushels  corn,  and  398 
pounds  fodder  per  acre. 

Without  Fertilizer,  10.58  bushels  corn,  and  390  pounds  fodder. 

Corn  was  planted  April  17th,  on  gray  sandy  land — rows 
four  feet  wide. 

Experiment  of  Jas.  F.  Mandeville ,  Ft.  Gaines ,  Clay  County, 

on  Cotton. 

Soil. — Sandy.  Planted  in  corn  in  1875  ;  never  fertilized 
before  this  year. 

Broken  with  scooter  and  bedded  with  turn  plow  20th 
April.  Planted  April  24th.  Plowed  four  times  and  hoed 
three  times.  Laid  by  July  3d,  towhich  time  the  seasons 
were  good,  afterwards  remarkably  dry. 

aGuanihani  Guano,  200  pounds  per  acre.... . 700  lbs.  cotton  seed  per  acre 

Without  Fertilizer . 630  .. 

^Brighton  Raw  Bone  S-Phos.  [Upton, s]  200  pounds  per  acre  770  ... 

National  Soluble  Bone  [Pratt,]  200  pounds  per  acre . . 700  ... 

aGuanihani  Guano,  75  pounds  per  acre . 665  ... 

aBrightin  Raw  Bono  S-Phos.  [Upton’s]  75  pounds  per  acre  700  ... 

National  Soluble  Bone  [Pratt,]  50  pounds  per  acre . 700  ... 

Experiment  of  R.  J.  Ragan,  Albany ,  Dougherty,  County ,  on 

Cotton. 

Soil. — Light  sandy  ;  had  been  planted  in  cotton  for  five 
successive  years.  Fertilized  in  1875  with  stable  manure. 
The  rows  were  opened  between  the  old  ones  with  shovel, 
and  listed  with  scooter.  Cotton  planted  on  12th  April. 
All  cultivation  with  sweep  and  hoe.  Crop  suffered  for  rain 
in  July  and  August,  causing  it  to  shed  the  squares  and 
small  bolls.  All  open  by  November  1st. 

Plat  No.  1. 

aEagle  Ammoniated  Bone,  Su-Phos.  200  pounds  per  acre. ..875  lbs.  seed  cotton  per  acre 

Without  Fertilizer . 857  ... 

aGeorgia  State  Grange  Dis.  Bone,  200  lbs.  per  acre . 910  .... 

Plat  No.  2. 

On  old  stubble  land,  in  oats  for  three  successive  years  ; 
fertilizers  applied  in  water  furrows,  and  beds  reversed  on 
them  : 


39 


aRussell  Coe’s  Am.  Bone  Super-Pkos.  200  pounds  per  acre  980  lbs.  cotton  seed  per  acre 
Without  Fertilizer . 606)^... 

Experiment  of  IV.  A.  Stewart ,  McDonough ,  Henry  County , 

on  Cotton. 

Soil. — Red,  with  stiff  red  clay  subsoil — had  been  in 
clover  for  five  years.  Broken  in  September,  1875,  with  two 
horse  Brinly  plow  and  subsoiled.  Before  planting  last 
spring,  it  was  rebroke  with  long,  square-pointed  subsoiler; 
bedded  well,  and  planted  with  Garlington  planter  last  of 
April.  Cultivated  shallow  with  shovel  and  sweep.  Sea¬ 
sons  abundant  to  August  1st.  There  was  no  August  crop. 
Cotton  seriously  injured  by  dry,  hot  winds. 


Plat  No.  1 — Clover  Land. 


aDickson’s  Compound,  200  pounds  per  acre . 

per  acre 

Without  fertilizer . 

.  640  ... 

oEagle  Am  Bone  Super-Phosphate,  200  lbs  per  acre . 

....1330  .. 

•  •• 

... 

•  •• 

Without  fertilizer . 

... 

... 

Bradley’s  Patent  Super-Phos.  200  lbs  per  acre . 

. 1324  ... 

M. 

Without  fertilizer . . 

... 

... 

Diamond  Ammoniated  Dissolved  Bone,  200  lbs  per  acre. 

. 1298  ... 

•  •• 

... 

Without  fertilizer . . . 

•  •• 

... 

Soluble  Pacific  Guano,  200  lbs  per  acre . 

. 1240  ... 

•  •• 

... 

Without  fertilizer . 

_  680  ... 

•  •• 

... 

Chesapeake  Guano,,  200  lbs  per  acre . . 

... 

... 

... 

Atlantic  Acid  Phosphate  compost  300  lbs.  per  acre . 

....1404  ... 

.... 

•  •• 

.M 

Plat  No.  2 — Very  Thin  Old  Pine  Field. 

Without  Fertilizer . 320  lbs.  seed  cotton  per  acre 

aDickson’s  Compound,  200  lbs.  per  acre . . 4S0 . 

a  Eagle  Am.  Bone  Super-phos.,  200  lbs.  per  acre . 498  . 

Bradley’s  Patent  Super-Phos,  200  lbs.  per  acre . 408  . 

Diamond  Ammoniated  Dissolved  Bone,  2Q0  lbs  per  acre . 440  . 

Soluble  Pardfie  Guano,  200  lbs.  per  acre . 396  ...  . 

Chesapeake  Guano,  200  lbs  per  acre . . . 460  ...  . . . 

Atlantic  Acid  Phosphate,  compost  300  lbs.  per  acre . 508  . 

Without  Fertilizer . 310 . 

Experiment  of  J.  T.  Lindley,  Pozvder  Spring ,  Cobb  County , 

on  Cotton. 

Soil. — Not  described.  Planted  in  cotton  in  1874,  fer¬ 
tilized  with  barn-yard  manure  ;  in  wheat  in  1875,  fertilized 
with  cotton  seed. 

Land  broken  in  December,  1875,  with  two-horse  Watt 

« 

plow  seven  or  eight  inches  deep.  Opened  with  shovel, 
guano  distributed  and  bedded  on  with  turning  plow. 


40 


Cotton  planted  19th  of  April ;  seed  rolled  in  ashes  and 
dropped  eighteen  inches  apart ;  plowed  first  time  with  har¬ 
row,  and  reduced  to  a  stand.  Subsequent  cultivation  with 
sweep. 

Seasons  generally  good  until  August,  when  a  dry,  hot 
spell  caused  it  to  shed  one-third  of  its  fruit. 

aDiekson’s  Fertilizer,  [AJ  300  lbs.  per  acre . . 1400  lbs.  seed  cotton  per  acre 

aNavassa  G  uano,  300  pounds  per  acre . 1470  . 

aSteru’s  Am.  Super-Phosphate,  3001bs.  per  acre . 1260  . 

Without  Fertilizer . 770  . 

Merryman’s  Am’d  Dis.  Bone,  300  lbs.  per  acre . 1260  . 

Brighton  Raw  Bone  Super-Phos.(t)  pton)  300  lbs.  per  acre  1260  . 

Ragsdale’s  Ammoniated  Bone  Phosphate,  300  lbs.  per  acre  1225  . 

Soluble  Bone,  300  lbs.  per  acre . . 1330 

aLogan  So.  Fer.  Compound  compost,  600  pounds  per  acre... 1260  . 

Experiment  of  Willis  Little ,  Carrollton ,  Carroll  County ,  on 

Cotton. 

Soil. — Light  gray,  sandy  upland,  with  red  clay  subsoil 
— been  in  cultivation  twenty  years — in  oats  in  1875.  No 
guano  ever  applied  before  this  year. 

March  1,  rows  were  opened,  three  feet  apart,  and  listed. 
April  13  brok^  out  middles  with  shovel,  and  followed  in 
the  same  furrow  with  diamond-pointed  scooter.  In  this 
furrow  the  fertilizers  were  applied,  and  the  beds  reversed. 
April  21  the  beds  were  opened  with  three-inch  scooter — 
seed  planted  and  covered  with  harrow  ;  27th  knocked  cfif 
the  beds  with  board  ;  good  stand — was  soon  up.  May 
29,  sided  with  four-inch  scooter,  and  chopped  to  stand 
same  day — this  followed  by  siding  with  four-inch  scooter. 

June  21  sided  with  four-inch  scooter,  with  twelve-inch 
heel  scraper.  July  6  hoed  and  sided  with  six-inch  shovel, 
with  twelve-inch  scraper  ;  split  out  the  middles  next  day. 

Seasons  good  up  to  20th  August,  after  which  there  was 
no  rain  for  six  weeks. 

Frost  October  1,  destroyed  top  crop. 

Without  Fertilizer .  785  lbs.  seed  cotton  per  acre 

a  Whitlock’s  Vegetator,  200  lbs.  per  acre . * . . . 1,260  ... 

«  Soluble  Sea-Island  Guano,  200  lbs.  per  acre .  910  ... 


41 


Experiment  of  Mr.  Little  on  Corn . 

Soil. — Light  sandy,  with  red  clay  subsoil ;  been  in  cul¬ 
tivation  twenty  years  ;  in  oats,  without  manure,  in  1875. 

Preparation. — Land  broken  in  February  with  small 
turn-plow.  April  1st,  rows  run  off  4  feet  wide  and  bedded 
with  4  inch  scooter,  leaving  middle  to  be  broken  with  6 
inch  shovel.  After  beds  were  completed,  checked  off  with 
4  inch  scooter  4J  feet  wide,  dropped  corn  and  fertilizer  in 
checks  2  or  3  inches  apart ;  covered  with  harrow. 

Cultivation. — May  6th,  sided  with  2  inch  scooter; 
13th,  sided  with  3J  inch  scooter ;  17th,  plowed  out  with 
3J  inch  scooter  and  mould-board  ;  June  1st,  plowed  out 
with  3J  inch  scooter  and  12  inch  scrape;  June  5th,  plowed 
out  corn  with  shovel  and  mould-board ;  14th,  hoed ; 
19th,  last  plowing  with  3J  inch  scooter  and  18  inch  scrape. 

Without  Fertilizer . 525  lbs.  fodder  per  acre 21  bush.  corn,  per  acre 

a  Whitlock’s  Veget’r,  200  lbs.  pr.  acre.,630  . 81  . 

a  Soluble  Sea-Island  Guano,  200  lbs. 

per  acre . 595  . 30%  . 

Seasons  uniformly  good  till  the  fodder  was  pulled. 

Experiment  of  Dr.  B.  C.  Smith ,  Cold  Water ,  Elbert  County , 

on  Cotton. 

Soil. — Gray,  with  yellowish  subsoil,  on  red  clay  founda¬ 
tion  ;  easterly  exposure,  but  nearly  level ;  old  field,  used 
as  pasture  about  ten  years,  not  grown  up.  Broke  in  early 
spring  by  common  shovel,  followed  by  subsoil  plow  in  the 
same  furrow — both  one-horse  ;  harrowed  in  dry  condition 
April  11th;  opened  with  straight  shovel;  fertilizers  dis¬ 
tributed  and  bedded  on  27th  April ;  cotton  planted  May 
5th  ;  cultivated  as  usual. 

Seasons  not  described. 


a,  Ober’s  Genuine  Phospho-Peru.,  A.  A.,  200  lbs.  per  acre. ..449%  lbs.  seed  cotton  per  acre 

Without  Fertilizer . . . 79 

a  Farmer’s  Fertilizing; compound,  200  lbs.  per  acre . 437%  ... 


•  •• 


•  •• 


42 


Experiment  oj  J.  P.  Turner ,  Boston ,  Thomas  Comity ,  on 

Cotton . 

Soil. — Not  described. 

Preparation,  cultivation  and  season  ommitted. 

a  Tennessee  Valley  Guano,  200  lbs.  per  acre . 1,435  lbs.  seed  cotton  per  acre 

Without  Fertilizer .  980 

^Farmer's  Fertilziing  Compound,  200  lbs.  of  fertilizer  com- 

postedwith  400  lbs.  of  cotton  seed,  600  lbs.  per  acre  .1,242)£ 

Experiment  of  W.  P.  Edmondson ,  LaGrange}  Troup  County , 

on  Cotton. 

Soil. — Upland,  clayeysoil,  with  red  clay  subsoil.  Land 
had  not  been  cultivated  for  several  years — had  been  in 
pasture.  It  was  broken  in  the  spring  with  a  scooter,  bed¬ 
ded  in  the  usual  way,  and  the  cotton  planted  24th  of  April. 
Cultivated  as  usual ;  plowed  four  times  and  hoed  twice. 

Seasons  were  good  ’till  10th  August.  Planted  and  fer¬ 
tilizers  applied  as  directed. 

Without  Fertilizer . .  735  lbs.  seed  cotton  per  acre. 

aLeibig’s  Formula  (for  compoesing),  200  lbs.  per  acre . 1,190  •••  •••  ••• 

a  Bradley’s  Patent  Super-phosphate,  200  lbs.  per  acre . 1,350  •••  ••• 

Liebig’s  Formula  was  composted  as  follows,  viz  : 
Liebig’s  Formula,  200  lbs. ;  Cotton  seed  200  lbs ;  Sta¬ 
ble  manure,  200  lbs. 

Experiment  of  f.  S.  Linton ,  Athens ,  Clarke  County ,  on  Cotton. 

Soil. — “  Generally  dark  loam,  with  a  few  sandy  spots  ; 
stiff  clay  subsoil.  The  field  (12  acres)  upon  which  the  ex¬ 
periments  were  made  is  comparatively  level,  was  in  oats  in 
1874,  and  in  corn  in  1875.” 

It  was  thoroughly  broken  with  one-horse  turning  shovels. 
The  rows  were  run  three  feet  apart,  across  those  made  in 
breaking,  325  yards  long.  The  fertilizers  were  each  ap¬ 
plied  to  one  acre. 

The  land  was  nicely  bedded  and  the  cotton  planted  on 
the  27th,  28th  and  29th,  of  April.  On  the  l5th  of  May 
there  was  a  good  stand.  It  was  sided  on  the  17th,  with 
long  scooter,  and  middles  thoroughly  broken  with  the 
same  plow,  the  hoes  following  and  reducing  to  a  stand. 


43 


All  after  cultivation  was  done  with  sweep  and  hoe  and  the  % 
crop  kept  clean. 

The  Etiwan  Dissolved  Bone  was  composted  as  follows  : 
Etiwan  Dissolved  Bone,  167  lbs.;  wheat  bran,  400 lbs.,  and 
scrapings  from  gin  circle,  600  lbs.;  all  moistened  with  a 
strong  solution  of  copperas,  and  let  stand  ten  or  twelve 
days.  Hen  manure  compost  was  prepared  as  follows  : 

4  barrels  hen  manure,  4  barrels  ashes,  and  6  barrels  of 
mould  scraped  from  fence  corners  of  a  wood-lot. 

The  Grange  Fertilizer,  167  pounds  per  acre . 647  lbs.  seed  cotton  per  acre 

Merryman’s  Am’d  Dis.  Bone,  167  pounds  per  acre . 666  ... 

Ober’s  Soluble  Bone,  167  pounds  per  acre . 655  ... 

aBarry’s  Granger’s  Fertilizer,  167  pounds  per  acre . 718  ... 

aEtiwan  Dis.  Bone  compost,  1,167  pounds  per  acre . 917  ... 

Hen  manure  compost,  14  barrels  per  acre . 825  ... 

Experiment  of  C .  W.  Sproull \  Rome}  Floyd  Co. ,  on  Cotton. 

Soil. — Chocolate  loam;  in  wheat  in  1874,  in  corn  in 
1875,  not  fertilized  either  year.  Experiment  conducted 
according  to  directions. 

aSoluble  Pacific  Guano,  200  pounds  per  acre . 1,400  lbs.  seed  cotton  per  acre 

Acid  Phospnate  compost,  300  pounds  per  acre . 1,260  ... 

oWilliams  &  Brumby’s  Ground  Bone  compost,  300  pounds 

per  acre . . . .. . 1,015  ... 

Stable  manure  alone,  600  pounds  per  acre . 1,250  ... 

Acid  Phosphate  compost,  600  pounds  per  acre . 1,645  ... 

oWilliams  &  Brumby’s  Ground  Bone  compost,  600  pounds 

per  acre . 1,190  ... 

Without  fertilizer . 1,032  ... 

Experiment  of  R.  H.  Hardaway ,  Thamdsville ,  Thomas  Co. 

Mr.  Hardaway  applied  one  sack  each  of  ^Dicksons’  Com¬ 
pound  and  a  Barry’s  Grangers’  Fertilizer,  and  one  barrel  of 
^Pratts’  Am’d.  Soluble  Bone  per  acre  to  oats,  which  were  so 
seriously  injured  by  drouth  that  he  did  not  weigh  the 
results  separately.  This  is  regretted,  as  failures  often 
te£ch  very  instructive  lessons. 

Experiment  of  A.  E.  Sturgis ,  Thomson ,  McDuffie  County ,  on 

Cotton. 

Son.. — Sandy  loam  with  clay  sub-soil;  fifth  year’s 
cultivation.  It  was  prepared  with  a  twelve  inch  two-horse 


44 


steel  shovel,  followed  by  a  six  inch  scooter — -both  twelve 
inches  long,  rows  laid  off 3  feet  apart  with  a  twelve-inch 
straight  shovel.  Fertilizer  applied  in  this  furrow  and  bed¬ 
ded  with  turn  plow.  Simpson  Prolific  seed  planted,  all 
rolled  in  ashes.  The  cotton  was  plowed  four  times  with 
sweep  and  hoed  twice.  Seasons  not  given. 

Plat  No.  1. 

{.Carolina  Fertilizer,  192  pounds  per  acre,  cost  55  per  acre  1487  lbs.  seed  cotton  per  acre 

Without  Fertilizer .  892  . 

Compost  of  cotton  seed  and  stable  manure,  400  pounds 

per  acre,  cost  $2.83  pounds  per  acre . 1683  . 

Plat  No,  2. 

* 

aLadd’s  Alkaline  Fertilizer,  (not  composted,)  200  pounds 

per  acre,  cost  $2,50  per  acre . 1280  lbs.  seed  cotton  per  acre 

Without  Fertilizer . 1125 . 

Compost  of  cotton  seed,  stable  manure  and  muck  mixed 
in  equal  parts,  400  pounds  per  acre,  cost  $3,60  per 

acre . . . . . . . 1675  ...  ...  ...  ... 

Mr.  Sturgis  says:  “I  also  tried  the  Oyster  shell  lime 
composted  with  cotton  seed  and  stable  manure,  and  found 
it  a  disadvantage;  not  yielding  as  much  as  the  natural 
soil,  i  think  it  causes  the  Ammonia  to  escape.” 

Experiment  of  F.  L.  Bridge ,  Albany ,  Dougherty  County ,  on 

Cotton. 

Soil* — Light  gray  ;  been  in  cultivation  for  twenty  years  ; 
planted  in  corn  in  1875;  plowed  with  large  turning  shovel 
1st  of  March  ;  bedded  to  3  foot  rows  1st  of  April;  planted 
8th.  The  beds  were  opened  and  the  fertilizer  distributed 
with  a  Dow  Law  planter:  plowed  first  time  with  sweep 
May  5th;  May  12th,  first  rain,  followed  by  good  seasons 
to  July  5th ;  after  which  occurred  a  very  hot  and  dry  sea¬ 
son  to  August  13th,  when  there  was  inch  of  rain  which 
did  but  little  good,  as  the  weather  continued  very  dry  and 
hot  into  September;  cultivation  done  with  sweep  and 
hoe  ;  laid  by  July  20th. 


/ 


45 


cBahama  Soluable  Guano,  400  pounds  per  acre . 

oEchols  Raw  Bone  Super- Phosphate,  400  pounds  per  acre. 
Zell’s  Am.  Bone  Super-Phosphate,  400  pounds  per  acre. 
Without  Fertilizer . 


714  ... 
664  .. 
420  ... 


810  lbs.  seed  cotton  per  acre 


Experiment  of  J.  B.  Jones,  Handon,  Burke  County ,  on  Cotton . 

Soil. — Thin  gray;  been  in  cultivation  for  75  years;  was 
cultivated  in  cotton  last  year,  without  fertilizer.  On  the 
28th  of  March,  with  6  inch  shovel,  opened  a  furrow  between 
the  old  cotton  rows;  ten  days  afterwards  run  5  inch  shovel 
in  the  same  furrow,  for  the  purpose  of  deepening  and 
freshening  the  furrow.  The  fertilizers  were  drilled  in  this 
furrow. 

The  fertilizers  were  all  covered  and  bedded  on,  in  the 
same  way. 

The  preparation  and  cultivation  of  the  plats  for  each  fer¬ 
tilizer  were  the  same  and  worked  on  the  same  day  every 
time.  Cotton  planted  on  the  25th  of  April  after  a  light 
rain  on  the  24th,  followed  by  another  rain  on  the  29th. 
The  cotton  was  barred  off  on  22d  May,  chopped  out  on 
26th,  and  sided  27th  with  sweep.  Plowed  and  hoed  on 
27th  and  28th  June  ;  rain  fell  on  ten  days  in  June.  July 
1st,  plowed  with  sweep  and  again  on  21st  and  laid  by. 
Rain  on  the  22d  July,  followed  by  a  severe  drouth  of  five 
weeks.  Before  the  drouth  the  cotton  fertilized  with  the 
Navassa  was  the  best.  During  the  drouth  it  failed  more 
rapidly  and  shed  more  than  the  others,  the  Guanape  then 
taking  the  lead.  Each  fertilizer  was  applied  to  a  plat  of 
8  rows,  and  the  middle  two  rows  of  each  plat  was  picked 
for  the  test. 

a'Merryman’s  Dissolved  Bones,  200  lbs.  per  acre .  822  lbs.  seed  cotton  per  acre 

aMerryman’s  Dis.  Bone  compost,  400  pounds  per  acre 1046  . 

Without  fertilizer . . .  286  . . 

Guanape  Guano,  200  pounds  per  acre .  948  . 

aGuanape  Guano  compost,  400  pounds  per  acre. . 1034  . 

Without  fertilizer .  260  . 

cNavassa  Guano,  200  pounds  per  acre .  660  . 

Experiment  of  M.  L„  Pritchett ,  Cartersville ,  Bartow  County , 

on  Cotton . 

Soil. — Upland  clay  loam,  with  red  clay  subsoil.  Land 


46 


has  been  alternated  in  cotton  and  wheat  for  several  years— 
manured  in  the  drill  with  compost  of  cotton  seed  and  acid 
phosphate  when  in  cotton — was  in  wheat  in  1875  without 
fertilizer. 

The  land  was  broken  in  the  spring  with  a  two-horse 
clipper  plow,  then  harrowed  and  bedded  with  a  one-horse 
turn  plow,  followed  by  subsoil  plow  in  each  furrow. 

The  cotton  was  planted  on  the  15th  April.  Owing  to 
heavy  rains,  followed  by  baking  winds,  a  full  stand  was 
not  secured.  The  first  plowing  was  done  with  a  side  har¬ 
row.  It  was  plowed  afterwards  three  times  with  the 
sweep,  and  hoed  twice.  Seasons  favorable  to  August 
10th.  After  that  date  there  was  a  severe  drought,  accom¬ 
panied  by  extremely  hot  weather,  which  stopped  produc¬ 
tion. 

Experiment  conducted  strictly  according  to  directions. 

Bales’  Chemical  composted  with  cotton  seed,  one  shovel 
full  of  Chemical  to  four  of  cotton  seed,  wet  with,  salt 

water,  200  lbs.  fertilizer  per  acre . 700  lbs.  seed  cotton  per  acre 

■Without  fertilizer . 560  “  “  “ 

oWando  Fertilizer,  200  lbs  per  acre  . . 770  “  “  “ 

aE.  Frank  Coe’s  Am’d  Sup.  Phos  200  lbs.  per  acre . 752%  “  “  “ 

Experiment  of  G.  W.  C.  Munro ,  Buena  Vista ,  Marion  Co., 

on  Cotton. 

Soil. — Sandy  loam,  with  good  clay  subsoil  5  inches 
from  the  surface;  was  in  cotton  in  1872,  wheat  in  1873, 
corn  in  1874  fertilized  with  English  Bone,  50  lbs.  per 
acre  ;  in  wheat  in  1875.  No  manure  was  applied  any  year 
except  1874,  when  the  yield  was  about  3  bushels  of  “  nub¬ 
bins  ”  per  acre. 

It  was  broken  with  turning  shovel  in  December,  1875 — 
a  good  crop  of  poverty  weed  turned  under.  Furrows 
were  opened  for  the  fertilizers  by  running  two  furrows  to 
the  row  with  turn  shovel.  The  cotton  was  planted  May 
6th.  The  stand  being  imperfect  the  test  was  determined 
by  picking  from  100  stalks  in  each  row. 

Seasons. — Favorable  to  August  10th,  after  which  the 
crop  suffered  from  a  drouth  of  six  weeks. 


47 


aEtiwan  Crop  Food  Chemicals  300  lbs.  per  acre . . 8 %  lbs.  seed  cotton  per  row. 

ciMerryman’s  Ammonlated  Diss.  Bones,  300  lbs.  per  acre  7  “  “  “  “  “ 

Wilcox  &  Gibbs’  Manipl.  Guano  comp.  300  lbs.  per  acre  8  “  “  “  “  “ 

Wilcox  &  Gibbs’ Manipulated  Guano,  200  lbs.  per  acre...  10%  “  “  “  “  ,f 

Stable  manure,  300  lbs  per  acre .  7  “  “  “  “  “ 

Without  Fertilizer .  5  “  “  “  “  “ 

The  Etiwan  Crop  Food  Chemicals  was  received  in  very 
bad  condition,  and  hence  at  a  disadvantage. 

Experiment  of  Mr.  Munro  on  Sweet  Potatoes. 

Soil — Stiff,  clayey,  with  clay  subsoil  about  4  inches 
from  the  surface  ;  has  been  cleared  19  years  and  continu¬ 
ously  cropped  during  that  time.  It  was  in  wheat  in  1872, 
cotton  in  1873,  ground  peas  in  1874,  and  oats  in  1875. 

It  was  broken  in  the  spring  with  turning  shovels,  and  a 
crop  of  weeds  turned  under.  June  15th,  two  turn  shovel 
and  one  subsoil  furrows  were  run  in  the  same  place,  open¬ 
ing  furrows  4  feet  apart,  in  which  the  fertilizers  were  dis¬ 
tributed. 

BUSHELS  PER  ACRE. 

From  slips.  From  vines 

oEtiwan  Crop  Food  Chemicals  comp.  900  lbs.  of  fertilizer  per  acre  59  13<£% 

oMerryman’s  Am’d  Dis.  Bone  comp.  900  lbs.  of  fertilizer  per  acre  133 %  104% 
Wilcox  &  Gibbs’  Manip’d  Guano  comp.  900  lbs.  of  fert’zr.  per  acre  72%  133 % 


Cotton  Seed  composted  900  lbs.  per  acre .  178  209 

Without'.Fertilizer . . .  59  29% 


The  composts  were  prepared  by  mixing  eight  measures 
of  stable  manure  to  one  of  the  fertilizers. 

Mr.  Munro  received  from  the  Department  “Bale’s 
Chemical”  but  it  was  mixed  by  mistake  of  a  laborer  with 
another  fertilizer,  and  hence,  no  test. 

Experiment  of  Thomas  Dixon,  Garden  Valley ,  Macon  County, 

on  Cotton . 

Soil. — Gray  and  very  poor,  with  clay  subsoil ;  has  not 
been  fertilized  for  several  years.  Furrows  were  opened 
10th  of  March,  fertilizers  distributed  and  listed  on  with 
scooter  ;  beds  made  with  turning  plow.  Cotton  planted 
April  10th,  and  covered  with  board;  barred  off  with  turn 
plow,  and  five  days  after  chopped  to  a  stand.  All  subse¬ 
quent  cultivation  done  with  sweep  and  hoe,  Seasons  not 
given. 


48 


PLAT  NO.  I. 


aLeyden’s  Am.  Soluable  Guano,  200  pounds  per  acre . 682%  lbs,  seed  cotton  per  acre 

Without  fertilizer . 245  •••  •••  •••  •••• 


PLAT  NO.  2. 


oManhattan  Blood  Guano,  200  pounds  per  sere, . 253%  lbs.  seed  cotton  per  acre 

Without  fertilizer . 122%  . 

Experiment  of  Charles  C.  Sheppard ,  Americas,  Sumter  Co., 

on  Cotton  and  Com. 

Soil. — Sandy  with  clay  subsoil,  has  been  cleared  15 
years  ;  was  in  cotton  in  1874  unfertilized  ;  in  corn  in  1875 
manured  with  cotton  seed. 

Plat  for  cotton  arranged  and  picked  as  directed  ;  planted 
April  24th  and  cultivated  in  the  usual  way  ;  seasons  good 
until  25th  of  July  ;  then  very  dry  through  August,  there 
being  only  a  few  light  showers  during  that  time. 

The  Corn  was  planted  in  the  usual  way  and  cultivated 
1st,  deep  with  scooter;  2d,  with  round  shovel,  and  3d  with 


sweep. 

Dobbs’  Chemicals  were  composted  with  cotton  seed  and 
stable  manure  by  formula  No.  1. 


Plat  No.  1. — Cotton. 


Wattson  and  Clark’s  Super-Phos.  200  pounds  yielded . 805 

Without  fertilizer . 542 

Wilcox  &  Gibbs’  Manipulated  Guano,  200  pounds  per  acre..770 

Without  Fertilizer.. . 525 

aDobbs'  Chemicals  composed  by  formula  No.  1,  200 

pounds  per  acre  yielded— . 892% 

Without  Fertilizer . 560 

aBaldwin  &  Co’s,  Am.  Dissolved  Bone,  200  pounds  per 

acre  yielded . . .700 

Withont  Fertilizer . 507% 

aEureka  Am.  Dis,  Bone,  200  pounds  per  acre  yielded . 612% 

Without  Fertilizer . 490 


lbs.  seed  cotton  per  acre 

MM  t*» 

••••  ••••  ••• 

••••  (Ml 


MM  **« 


•  •• 


M* 


••••  ••• 

••• 


•  •M  •••• 


••••  ••• 


Plat  No.  2. — Corn, 


Wattson  &  Clark’s  Super-Phos  200  pounds  per  acre  yielded . 12  bushels  per  acre 

Without  Fertilizer . . .  6 

Wilcox  &  Gibb’s  Manipulated  Guano,  200  pounds  per  acre  yielded....l8 

Without  Fertilizer .  7 

aDobb’s  Chemicals,  composted  200  pounds  per  acre . . 11% 

Without  Fertilizer . . .  6^- 

uBaldwin  &  Co’s.,  Am.  Super-Phos.  200  pounds  per  acre  yielded . 18 

Without  Fertilizer . 7v- 

oEureka  Am.  Dis.  Bone.  200  pounds  per  acre  yielded . 12% 

Without  Fertilizer . . . .  7 


49 


Experiment  of  E.  5.  Baldwin ,  Ellavitte ,  Schley  County ,  on 

Cotton. 

Soil. — Old  mulatto  land  with  clay  subsoil.  Fertilizers 
applied  and  the  land  bedded  on  April  1st ;  cotton  planted 

April  15th.  Plat  arranged  as  directed. 

* 


ctEtiwan  Dis.  Bone  24  pr.  ct.  200  pounds  per  acre,  yielded-. ..883  lbs.  seed  cotton  pei 


acre 


Without  Fertilizer . 372  ... 

aMinor’s  Am.  Super-Phos.  200  pounds  per  acre  yielded . 71S  ... 

Without  Fertilizer. . 3-31  ... 

aPhoenix  Guano,  200  pounds  per  acre  yielded . 503  ... 

Without  Fertilizer . 320  ... 


Mr.  Baldwin  applied  ^Popplein’s  Silicated  Super-Phos¬ 
phate  to  Wheat  and  Potatoes  without  any  perceptible 
Lenefit. 


Experiment  of  John  T.  Wingfield. ,  Washington ,  Wilkes 

County,  on  Cotton . 

No.  1. — Soil. — Fresh  upland,  light  gray,  but  not  sandy — 
some  gravel ;  yellow  clay  subsoil. 

Land  cleared  1874,  burned  off  1875,  and  planted  in 
cotton,  fertilized  with  Georgia  State  Grange  Fertilizer. 

Broken  up,  1876,  with  small  scooters,  and  plowed  with 
small  shovels.  Fertilizers  and  seed  applied  in  the  same 
furrow  ;  seed  rolled  in  ashes;  planted  April  13th,  and  cov¬ 
ered  with  common  straddle  harrow.  May  15th,  sided  with 
small  scooter  and  chopped  out — left  rather  too  thick  in 
the  row.  June  3d,  sided  with  small  sweep — hoed  27th. 
July  3d,  one  solid  sweep  furrow  to  the  row.  July  21st, 
two  sweep  furrows  and  hoed  ;  26th,  one  furrow  with  large 
sweep. 

Seasons  good  to  June  11th,  when  there  were  several 
days  of  rain,  then  no  more  to  July  17th. 

The  land  is  naturally  light,  and  the  quantity  of  unde¬ 
composed  vegetable  matter  caused  it  to  be  too  open  all 
the  season,  especially  during  the  intensely  hot  spell  in 
July. 


4 


50 


Lime,  salt,  and  cotton  seed  compost,  210  lbs.  per  acre . ..1,154  lbs.  seed  cotton  per  acre* 

Soluble  Sea  Island  Guano,  195  lbs.  per  acre . 1,356  “ 

ttSoluble  Pacific  Acid  Phos.,  compost,  210  lbs.  per  acre...l,392  '* 

uStern’s  Ground  Bone,  compost,  210  lbs.  per  acre .  1,110  “ 

Cotton  seed,  plaster,  and  stable  manure,  compost,  210  lbs. 

per  acre . ..... . . 1,140  “ 

Stono  Fertilizer,  195  lbs.  per  a^re^. .  1,260  '* 

Lime  compost,  210  lbs.  per  acre . ..... .  990  “ 

Without  fertilizer . * . .  975  “ 

Sol.  Fac.  Guano,  202  lbs.  per  acre . 1,230  “ 

Ga.  State  Grange  Fertilizer,  210  lbs.  per  acre . . . .  990  ** 

Stono  Acid  Plios.,  210  lbs.  per  acre .  960  '* 

ardy’s  Acid  Phosphate,  210  lbs.  per  acre . 1,170  “ 


44 

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II 


Stern’s  Ground  Bone  cjmpost  was  mixed  as  follows:  200  lbs.  Bone,  100  lbs.  stable 
manure,  and  200  lbs.  cotton  seed. 

Soluble  Pacific  Acid  Phosphate  was  composted,  200  lbs.r  with  200  lbs  cotton  seed. 

The  cotton  seed,  plaster,  and  stable  manure  compost  was  made  of  cotton  seed,  stable 
manure,  and  plaster,  not  weighed  in. 

The  lime  compost  was  made  as  follows:  oyster  shell  lime  200  lbs.  stable  manure  100 
lbs.,  cotton  seed  200  lbs.,  and  half  bushel  salt 

The  composts  were  made  March  16th. 


No.  2. — Soil. — Dark  mulatto  old  field,  with  red  clay- 
subsoil.  Planted  in  watermelons  in  1875. 

Spring  of  1876,  broken  with  two-horse  plow  and  har¬ 
rowed.  Furrows  opened  with  small  shovel;  cotton  seed 
rolled  in  ashes,  and  put  into  the  furrow  with  the  fertilizers, 
and  covered  with  straddle  harrow  April  17th. 

May  17th,  sided  with  small  scooter;  22d,  hoed;  two 
sweep  lurrows  June  19  ;  hoed  27th  ;  July  19,  one  furrow 

to  the  row  with  large  sweep  ;  cotton  a  good  stand. 

/  _ 

This  plat  was  never  fertilized  before  1876.  The  com¬ 
posts  were  the  same  as  those  used  in  No.  ^ . 


^Soluble  Pacific  Acid  Phos.  compost  195  lbs  per  acre . 819  lbs.  seed  cotton  per  acre 

eStern’s  Ground  Bone  compost  210  lbs.  per  acre . 675  .  . 

Lime  ana  salt  compost,  210  lbs.  per  acre . 615  .  . 

Stono  Fertilizer,  202  lbs.  per  acre . 930  .  . 

Stono  Acid  Phosphate,  202  lbs  per  acre...... . 705  . 

Soluble  Sea  Island  Guano,  202  lbs  per  acre . 660  . 

Cotton  seed, piaster  &  stable  manure,  com.  202  lbs.  per  acre550  .  . 

Without  iertilizer . 300  .  .  .... 


No  beds  in  either  plat  of  Mr.  Wingfield’s  experiments. 
The  cotton  was  planted  on  a  level. 

Experiment  of  Thomas  H.  Stalhuorth ,  Sandy  Ridge ,  Henry 

County ,  on  Cotton. 

Soil.— Uniform  upland,  dark  mulatto,  mixed  with  gravel ; 
clay  subsoi! ;  was  a  pine  old  field  for  eight  years  ;  taken  in- 


in  1874  and  planted  in  cotton ;  sown  in  oats  in  1875;  no 
fertilizer  applied  to  either  crop. 

The  cotton  was  plowed  four  times,  and  hoed  three  times  ; 
stand  perfect. 

Seasons. — Good  to  August,  when  a  three  weeks  drouth 
cut  off  the  crop  one-third.  Compost  made  by  formula 
No.  1. 

aMathis’  Chemical  Compound,  compost  100  lbs.  per  acre . 735  lbs.  seed  cotton  per  acre 

aMathis’  Chemical  Compound  compost,  200  lbs  per  acrel,l90  “  “  “  “ 

aMathis’  Chemical  Compound  compost,  300  lbs.  per  acrel,295  “  “  “  “ 

Without  Fertilizer . 420  “  “  “  “ 

Merryman’s  Dissolved  Bones,  100  lbs.  per  acre .  560  “  “  “  “ 

Merryman’s  Dissolved  Bones,  200  lbs.  per  acre .  980  “  “  “ 

Merryman’s  Dissolved  Bones, -300  lbs.  per  acre . 1,225  “  14  44  “ 

Without  Fertilizer . . .  385  “  “  “  “ 

The  ^Mapes  Nitrogenized  Super-phosphate  was  received 
too  late  to  be  tested  with  the  above.  It  was  used  on  very 
old,  worn,  sandy  land  with  clay  subsoil;  prepared  and 
planted  in  cotton  April  28.  It  was  well  cultivated  but 
very  seriously  injured  by  drouth. 

aMapes’  Nitrogenized  Sup.  Phos.,  200  lbs.  per  acre . 490  lbs.  seed  cotton  per  acre 

Without  Fertilizer . 210  “  '•  “  “ 

Experiment  of  M.  H.  Bunn ,  Cedar  Town ,  Polk  County. 

Mr.  Bunn  experimented  with  the  Phoenix  Guano  and 
Popplein’s  Silicated  Super-Phosphate,  for  test.  The  value 
of  his  experiment,  though  carefully  conducted,  was  im¬ 
paired  by  the  following  circumstances,  viz  : 

1st.  One-third  of  the  plat  was  second  year’s  new  ground, 
while  the  remainder  was  old  land. 

2d.  The  stand  was  injured  by  the  cotton  dying  out  when 
young. 

3d.  There  was  a  mistake  made  in  picking  part  of  the 
plat. 

The  Popplein’s  Silicated  Super-Phosphate  was  applied  as 
a  top  dressing  to  Spring  oats,  which  failed  in  consequence 
of  rust. 

Experiment  of  John  M.  Hide,  Jonesboro,  Clayton  County ,-  on 

Cotton. 

Soil. — Poor  gray  with  clay  subsoil ;  been  in  cultivation 

never  fertilized  before  1876.  It  was 


52 


sown  in  wheat  in  1872,  and  to  grass  and  clover  the  follow¬ 
ing  February ;  since  1873  it  has  been  used  as  a  pasture. 

The  land  was  broken  seven  or  eight  inches  deep  with  a 
two-horse  turning  plow.  In  April  furrows  were  opened  3 
feet  wide  and  70  yards  long,  and  the  fertilizers  uniformly 
distributed  in  alternate  four  rows  as  directed.  This  was  re¬ 
peated  on  three  sets  in  the  same  plat.  Before  planting,  a 
heavy  iron  toothed  harrow  was  run  on  the  beds  ;  cotton 
planted  about  the  middle  of  April,  with  a  planter.  It  was 
cultivated  in  the  usual  way.  Seasons  favorable  to  the  1st 
August,  after  which  several  weeks  of  very  dry  and  hot 
weather  seriously  injured  the  crop.  The  following  is  the 
average  yield  of  the  three  adjacent  tests : 

aBradley’s  Pat.  Super-Phos.  200  pounds  per  acre  yielded.,1011%  lbs.  seed  cotton  per  acre' 

aClimax  Super!  Phos.  200  pounds  per  acre  yielded.. ,„....1074%  ....  . . 

Georgia  State  Grange  Fer.  200  pounds  per  acre  yielded....  1070  . 

Without  Fertilizer .  .  . . .  460%  . . 

A  fourth  test  was  made  on  very  good  gray  land,  that  was 
in  potatoes  in  1875,  manured  with  compost  of  Dissolved 
Bones,  Stable  Manure  and  Cotton  Seed.  It  was  prepared 
and  manured  as  the  other  three  tests. 

aBradley’s  Pat.  Super-Phos.  200  pounds  per  acre  yielded. ..1855  lbs.  seed  cotton  per  acre 

aClimax  Super-Phosphate,  200  pounds  per  acre  yielded . 2275  ....  ....  . 

Georgia  State  Grange  Fer.,  200  pounds  per  acre  yielded . 2135  . 

Without  Fertilizer . . . 1435  . 

Experiment  of  Thos.  E.  Speight ,  Ft.  Gaines ,  Clay  County ,  on 

Cotton. 

Soil. — Second  river  bottom  ;  cleared  about  forty  years 
and  worn;  cultivated  in  oats  and  pastured,  in  1874  and 
1875;  broken  broadcast  in  February  1876. 

Furrows  were  opened  May  6th,  and  the  fertilizers  dis¬ 
tributed  in  six  rows.  In  six  other  rows  the  fertilizers  were 
applied  with  the  seed  ;  then  six  without ;  and  thus  alter¬ 
nately  through  the  plat. 

The  cotton  in  the  rows  in  which  the  fertilizers  were  ap¬ 
plied  with  the  seed,  grew  off  more  vigorously  than  the 
others  until  1st  of  June  ;  after  which  that  with  the  fertilizers 
applied  deep  caught  up,  and  continued  to  gain  upon  it  after- 


53 


wards.  That  without  fertilizer  retained  it  color  better  than 
the  others  under  drouth,  and  continued  to  bloom  some 
davs  after  the  others  had  shed  their  forms.  It  was  culti- 

J 

vated  entirely  by  sweep  and  hoe. 

The  Echols  Acid  Phosphate  was  received  too  late  to  be 
composted  and  used  under  cotton.  It  was  therefore  com¬ 
posted  and  applied  to  turnips,  which,  notwithstanding  re¬ 
peated  sowings,  never  came  up,  in  consequence  of  the 
continued  drouth  in  early  fall. 

aBlue  Bone  Super-Phosphate,  applied  in  deep  furrow,  200 

pounds  per  acre . . .  1365  lbs.  seed  cotton  per  acre 

Without  FeUilizer.. .  844  . 

aBlue  Bone  Super-Phosphate,  applied  with  the  seed,  200 

pounds  per  acre .  1300  . 

Experiment  of  J.  R,  Latimer ,  Warrenton ,  Warren  County ,  on 

Cotton. 

Soil. — Gravelly  gray,  with  yellow  clay  subsoil,  much 
worn.  Planted  in  com  in  1875,  with  light  manuring  with 
cotton  seed ;  the  two  previous  years  in  cotton,  with  light 
application  of  guano. 

The  land  was  broken  in  February  with  scooter  ;  bedded 
with  scooter  and  shovel  April  24th,  and  planted  25th. 

Seasons. — Not  good — too  much  rain  in  June,  causing 
the  cotton  to  run  to  weed ;  and  subsequent  dry  hot 
weather  caused  it  to  shed  its  forms.  The  cool  nights  in 
May  caused  much  of  it  to  die ;  that  without  fertilizer  suf¬ 
fering  more  than  that  fertilized. 

The  compost  was  made  by  the  following  formula,  viz  : 
700  lbs.  green  cotton  seed,  well  wet  with  water;  300  lbs. 
Dissolved  Bone  Phosphate,  and  1,000  lbs.  stable  manure 
that  had  been  well  sheltered. 

aPowhatan  Raw  Bone  Sup. -Phosphate  200  lbs.  per  acre . 525  lbs.  seed  cotton  per  acre. 


Without  fertilizer . 210  “  “  “  “ 

Soluble  Pacific  Guano,  200  lbs.  per  acre . 525  “  “  “  “ 

Without  fertilizer . 227  “  “  “  “ 

Home  compost,  200  lbs.  per  acre . 595  “  “  “  “ 

Without  fertilizer . 280  ’*  “  “  “ 


The  aS.  C.  Dis.  Bone  Phosphate  was  received  too  late 

for  test. 


54 


Experiment  of  E.  H.  Edenfield,  Swainsboro ’  Emanuel  County, 

on  Cotton. 


Soil. — Poor  pine  land.  Oats  were  cut  from  it  in  1875, 
and  pastured  during  the  summer.  In  January,  1876,  it 
was  bedded  with  turn  plow,  followed  in  each  furrow  by  a 
bull-tongue  13  inches  long.  In  April  a  fresh  furrow  was 
opened  between  the  beds,  the  fertilizers  distributed  and 
the  beds  reversed. 

The  cotton  was  planted  May  1st.  It  was  sided  and 
chopped  to  a  stand.  After  two  or  three  weeks  it  was 
plowed  out  clean  and  then  cultivated  entirely  with  the  hoe. 


aCkesapeake  Guano,  200  lbs.  per  acre 


.750  lbs.  seed  cotton  per  acre. 


Without  fertilizer . 

i  i 

c 

aCotton  Compound  Dis.  Bone  Phosphate  200  lbs.  per  acre, 690 

it 

< 

Without  fertilizer . 

. 360 

a 

Georgia  State  Grange  Fertilizer,  200  lbs.  per  acre . 

. 780 

it 

Without  fertilizer . 

a 

Bahama  Solubule  Guano,  200  lbs.  per  acre . 

. 690 

it 

Without  fertilizer . 

a 

oSolomon’s  Chemical  Compound,  200  lbs.  per  acre . 

. 660 

ti 

Without  fertilizer . . . 

a 

Experiment  of  A.  W.  Stokes ,  Powell's  Station ,  Coweta  Co 

on  Cotton . 

Soil. — Clay  loam,  with  red  clay  subsoil ;  it  was  in  cotton 
in  1872,  fertilized  with  Merryman’s  Dissolved  Bone.  In 
1873  in  potatoes;  1874  in  wheat;  in  corn  1875;  not  fer¬ 
tilized  since  1872 ;  been  in  cultivation  35  years.  The 
land  was  bedded  on  the  fertilizers  April  18th,  and  the  cotton 
planted  24th  with  Bale’s  cotton  seed  planter  ;  a  good  uni¬ 
form  stand  secured ;  cultivated  in  the  usual  way,  and  di¬ 
rections  followed.  The  seasons  were  good  in  spring  and 
early  summer. 

Without  Fertilizer . ~ . 420  lbs.  seed  cotton  per  acre 

Wattson  &  Clark’s  Super-Phos.  210  pounds  per  acre . 525  ...  . 

aDiamond  Am’d.  Dissolved  Bone,  210  pounds  per  acre . 600  . .  ... 

aBarry’s  Granger’s  Fertilizer,  210  pounds  per  acre . 630  . 

aBales’  Chemical  [alone]  210  pounds  per  acre . „..565  . 

aBales’  Chemical,  compost,  490  pounds  per  acre . 700  .  ... 

All  of  the  above  mixed,  385  pounds  per  acre... . „610 . 


55 


Experiment  of  J.  Roswell  King ,  Roswell ,  Cobb  County ,  <?/? 

Cotton. 

Soil. — Ordinary  gray  rocky — an  old  sedge  field,  which 
was  broken  in  1875,  and  planted  in  cotton  without  fertilizer. 
Planted  April  20th,  1876;  a  good  stand  secured.  Plowed 
three  times  and  hoed  once  ;  seasons  very  good  with  most 
propitious  picking  season. 

Soluble  Pacific  Guano,  200  pounds  per  acre . 577  lbs.  seed  cotton  per  acre 

aSardy  &  Son’s  Am’d.  Sol.  Pac.  Guano,  200  pounds  per  acre  630  . 

aMerryman’s  Am’d.  Dis.  Bone,  200  pounds  per  aore . 875  . 

Without  Fertilizer . . . 175 . 

The  Excellenza  Cotton  Fertilizer  was  received  and  ap¬ 
plied  to  cotton,  but  no  stand  being  secured,  the  land  was 
broken  up  and  planted  in  corn. 

Experiment  of  George  C.  Denty  Cave  Springy  Floyd  County , 

on  Cotton. 

Soil. — Upland  red  loam,  of  uniform  character.  Direc¬ 
tions  for  making  test  followed. 

^Manipulated  Guano,  (Wilcox  &  Gibbs),  200  pounds  per  acre  2170  lbs.  seed  cotton  per  acre 


Without  Fertilizer . 1610  ... 

Cas to ria,  200  pounds  per  aero . . . 1680  ... 

Without  Fertilizer . 1470  ... 


The  ^Palmetto  Acid  Phosphate  was  received  too  late  to 
be  tested  under  cotton.  It  was  applied  to  Turnips,  but  no 
stand  was  secured  on  account  of  the  continued  drouth. 

#Land  Plaster  was  assigned  to  Mr.  Dent,  to  be  tested  on 
clover,  but  having  no  clover,  he  turned  it  over  to  a  neigh¬ 
bor  who  used  it,  but  failed  to  report  results. 

Experime7it  of  George  S.  Blacky  Rome ,  Floyd  County ,  on 

Cotton. 

Plat  No.  1. — Soil. — Red  clayey,  with  very  stiff  red  clay 
subsoil.  It  was  cultivated  in  cotton  1874  and  1875,  and 
lightly  manured  with  barn-yard  scrapings. 

Broken  second  week  in  March,  1876,  with  two  horse 
Brinly  plow.  Fertilizers  distributed  and  bedded  on  with 
one-horse  Brinly.  Cotton  seed  (Peeler  variety),  rolled  in 
ashes  and  planted  with  Dow  Law  planter  April  17th,  and 


56 


covered  with  harrow  ;  came  up  well  but  died  out  to  haf  a 
stand. 

Cotton  sided  with  light  steel  half  sweep  and  chopped 
out ;  second  plowing  with  same  plow  with  wing  to  the 
cotton  ;  subsequent  plowing  done  with  sweep,  each  plow¬ 
ing  followed  by  hoes. 

Gen.  Black  remarks  that  his  experiment  is  “not  satisfac¬ 
tory  ;  a  long  continued  drouth,  added  to  an  imperfect  stand, 
gave  a  light  yield;  no  rain  from  the  first  day  of  July  to 
first  of  August — then  less  than  a  ‘season.’”  Weather  un¬ 
usually  warm — no  more  rain  until  October. 

Without  Fertilizer . 490  lbs.  seed  cotton  per  acre, 

aGeorgia  State  Grange  Fertilizer,  200  lbs.  per  acre . 560  “  “  “ 

Without  fertilizer . 507  “  “  “ 

aStern’s  Am'd  Bone  Sup. -Phosphate,  200  lbs.  per  acre . 577  “  “  “ 

Without  fertilizer .  507  “  “  “ 

a  Atlantic  Acid  Phosphate,  200  lbs.  per  aero . 595  “  “  “ 

Without  fertilizer . 490  “  “  “ 

wBarry’s  Chemical  Fertilizer,  200  lbs.  per  acre . 542K  “  “  “ 


Plat  No.  2. — Soil. — Gray  upland,  with  stiff  clay  sub¬ 
soil. 

Treatment  same  in  every  respect  as  that  given  in  No.  1, 
and  stand  better. 

aGeorgia  State  Grange  Fertilizer,  200  lbs.  per  acre . 630'  lbs.  seed  cotton  per  acre’ 

Without  fertilizer . 577  “  “ 

aStern’s  Am’d  Bone  Sup. -Phosphate,  200  ibs.  per  acre . 595  “  “  “ 

Without  feitilizer . 525  “  “  M 

^Atlantic  Acid  Phosphate,  200  lbs.  per  acre . 595  “  “  “ 

Without  fertilizer . 507  “  “  “ 

«Barry’s  Chemical  Fertilizer,  200  lbs.  per  acre . .560  “  “  “ 

Without  fertilizer . 507  “  “  “ 

Plat  No.  3. — River  bottom — stiff,  dark  clay  soil,  with 
brown  clay  subsoil  ;  in  corn,  1874;  in  wheat,  1875,  with¬ 
out  manure  ;  land  rich. 

Stubble  turned  under  in  January,  1876,  with  large  two- 
horse  plow  ;  rows  laid  off  Z]/2  feet,  and  bedded  first  week 
in  April.  Ridges  opened,  fertilizers  distributed,  and  seed 
(Dickson  Cluster)  planted  April  19th;  cultivation  same  as 
Nos.  1  and  2. 


57 


^Georgia  State  Grange  Fertilizer,  200  lbs.  per  acre . 

Without  fertilizer . ...... 

aStern’s  Am’d  Bone  Superphosphate,  200  lbs.  per  acre 

Without  fertilizer . 

Compost,  prepared  by  J.  R.  Towers,  200  lbs.  per  acre... 

Without  lertilizer . 

aAtlantie  Acid  Phosphate,  200  lbs.  per  acre . . 

Without  fertilizer . 

aBarry’s  Chemical  Fertilizer,  200  lbs.  per  acre . 

Without  fertilizer . 

The  cotton  on  this  plat  suffered  severely  from  drouth 
and  rust,  the  fertilized  suffering  most. 

Experiment  of  R.  W.  Eveiett,  Rockmart ,  Polk  County ,  on 

Cotton. 

Soil. — Thin  slaty  land  that  had  been  sown  in  rye  Sep¬ 
tember,  1875,  and  grazed  all  the  Spring  of  1876.  The  fer¬ 
tilizers  for  the  test  were  not  received  until  1st  of  May,  after 
the  cotton  crop  was  planted.  The  land  was  broken  with 
scooter  May  2d;  fertilizers  applied  and  land  bedded  5th; 
sided  with  harrow  25th ;  chopped  to  stand  29th  ;  sided 
with  scooter  7th  June;  sided  with  sweep  22d  June.  A 
severe  hail  storm  on  26th  of  May,  killed  much  of  the. 
cotton.  The  rows  fertilized  with  the  Patapsco  were  par¬ 
tially  protected  by  a  building  and  not  so  seriously  injured 
by  the  hail  as  the  others,  and  had  a  much  better  stand. 

Patapsco  Guano,  200  pounds  per  acre . 507  lbs.  seed  cotton  per  acre 

Soluble  Pacific  Guano,  200  poubds  per  acre . 402^ . 

aStern’s  Am’d.  Bone  Super-Phos.  200  pounds  per  acre  ....  367  . 

aGray’s  Fertilizing  Compound,  200  pounds  per  acre... . 157  . 

Compost,  200  pounds  per  acre . 280  . 

Without  Fertilizer . 140  . 

Gray's  Fertilizing  Compound,  was  not  composted. 

Experiment  of  Macon  War  then,  Sandersville,  Washington 

County ,  on  Cotton. 

Soil. — Upland,  originally  pine  growth;  been  in  cultiva¬ 
tion  fifty  years.  Was  in  corn  1875,  with  light  manuring 
with  cotton  seed  ;  yielded  about  14  bushels  per  acre, 

Afier  the  cotton  was  planted  in  April,  not  enough  rain 
fell  at  any  one  time  to  “deface  the  tracks  of  the  plowman,” 
until  August  12th,  when  there  was  “barely  enough  to  run 


600  lbs.  seed  cotton  per  acre. 


.525 

it 

a 

a 

.660 

u 

a 

a 

.540 

u 

it 

it 

.660 

it 

ti 

tt 

,510 

it 

LI 

a 

,540 

u 

ti 

a 

U 

it 

it 

ct 

ti 

u 

.510 

a 

i  l 

a 

58 


in  the  furrows,”  and  very  little  has  fallen  since.  The  fer¬ 
tilizers  were  applied  20th  of  April  and  the  cotton  planted 
a  few  days  after.  On  account  of  drouth  it  came  up  very 
late. 

Without  Fertilizer . 390  lbs.  seed  cotton  per  acre 

aExcellenza  Cotton  Fertilizer,  200  pounds  per  acre- . 495  . 

Georgia  State  Grange  Fertilizer,  200  pounds  per  acre . 555  . 

aEtiwan  Guano,  200  pounds  per  acre . 615 . 

Navassa  Acid  Phosphate  was  received  too  late  to  be 
used  under  cotton,  it  was  applied  to  turnips,  but  the 
drouth  prevented  a  stand. 

Experiment  of  F.  P.  Thornton ,  Cold  Water ,  Elbert  County , 

on  Cotton. 

Soil. — Very  poor  upland,  sandy  and  loose,  subsoil  red 
gravelly  clay;  in  wheat  in  1876,  manured  with  ten  bushels 
cotton  seed.  The  land  was  broken  in  January  with  a  long 
3-inch  square  pointed  scooter.  Fertilizers  applied  18th  and 
19th  March,  and  listed  with  long  narrow  scooter.  April  24th 
and  25th  cotton  seed  rolled  in  leached  ashes,  planted  and 
covered  with  a  harrow.  Good  stand  up  May  8th  ;  8th  and 
9th  sided  with  bull  tongue  ;  15th  and  16th  hoed  and  re¬ 
duced  to  a  stand,  one  stalk  every  12  inches  ;  29th  and  30th 
sided  with  short  shovel.  June  5th  and  6th  hoed  ;  sided 
with  sweep  19th  and  20th;  26th  and  27th  hoed.  July 
13th  and  14th  split  the  middles  with  a  sweep  and  hoed. 
Seasons  good  to  June  25th,  then  five  weeks  drouth,  which 
*  ‘entirely  stopped  the  growth  of  the  cotton.” 

aPeruvian  Guano,  200  pounds'per  acre . 980  lbs.  seed  cotton  per  acre 

Without  Fertilizer . . . 560  . 

aZell’s  Am’d  Bone  Phosphate,  200  pounds  per  acre . 971%  . 

Without  Fertilizer . 536%  . 

aSardy’s  Acid  Phosphate,  200  pounds  per  acre 997%  . 

Without  Fertilizer . 568%  . 

The  Sardy’s  Acid  Phosphate  was  received  too  late  to  be 
composted. 

Experiment  of  J.  T.  Youngblood ,  Sandersville ,  Washington 

County  on  Cotton. 

Soil. — Poor  sandy  land,  with  clay  subsoil ;  in  corn  1874  ; 


wheat  1875,  manured  with  ten  bushels  cotton  seed 
per  acre.  Seasons  not  given. 

Plat  arranged,  fertilized  and  gathered  as  directed,  except 
that  Williams  &  Brumby‘s  Ground  Bone  was  not  com¬ 
posted.  As  it  is  prepared  for  that  purpose,  and  not  treat¬ 
ed  with  acid,  composting  is  necessary  for  good  results. 

"Without  Fertilizer . 201  lbs.  seed  cotton  per  acre 

Minor’s  Am’d  Super-Phosphate  200  pounds  per  acre . 490 

Minor’s  Ani’d  Sup-Phos.  compos’d,  200  pounds  per  acre_385 

Soluble  Pacific  Guano,  200  pounds  per  acre . 315 

aWilliaros  &  Brumby’s  Ground  Bone,  200  pounds  per  aere.227 

aCotton  Seed  Compost,  200  pounds  per  acre . 315 

Georgia  State  Grange  Fertilizer,  200  pounds  per  acre . 393% 

Experiment  of  Jubilee  Smith ,  Preston ,  Webster  County ,  on 

Cotton . 

Soil. — Light  sandy  loam — been  in  cultivation  twenty 
years ;  in  corn,  1875,  manured  with  a  small  quantity  of 
cotton  seed. 

Prepared  and  cultivated,  etc.,  as  usual,  and  directions 
followed. 

Without  fertilizer . 440  lbs.  seed  cotton  per  acre 

•Preston  &  Son’s  Am’d  Superphosphate,  200  lbs.  per  acre. ..980  “  “  “ 

oPowhatan  Raw  Bone  Superphosphate,  200  lbs.  per  acre 820  j  “  “  “ 

Experiment  of  B.  H.  Gee ,  Camilla,  Mitchell  County }on  Cotton. 

Soil. — Light  sandy  upland,  (pine),  with  yellow,  sandy 
subsoil ;  in  cotton  in  1875,  without  manure. 

It  was  prepared  in  the  usual  way,  and  the  cotton  planted 
on  the  18th  of  April. 

Seasons  very  favorable  and  cultivation  good. 

Cotton  Seed,  sixteen  bushels  per  acre . 481  lbs.  seed  cotton  per  acre 

oCarolina  Fertilizer,  210  lbs.  per  acre . 411  “  “  “  “ 

Without  fertilizer . 385  “  “  “  “ 

aCarolina  Fertilizer,  420  lbs.  per  acre . 481  “  “  “  “ 

Experiment  0/  W.  W.  Turner ,  Madison  County ,  Athens  P.  0.y 

on  Cotton . 

Soil. — Second  bottom,  very  rich  and  loamy  ;  had  never 
been  fertilized  before! 

Land  well  broken  1st  March ;  fertilizers  distributed  and 


60 


bedded  on  April  10th  ;  cotton  planted  May  9th ;  land  too 
wet  till  then.  Crop  shortened  by  frost  October  2d. 

Without  Fertilizer . . 326  lbs.  seed  cotton  per  acre 

aWhitlock’s  Vegeta  tor,  300  lbs.  per  acre . 966  “  “  “ 

uEcliols’  Haw  Bone  Superphosphate,  300  lbs.  per  acre 903  “  “  “  “ 

Mr.  Turner,  in  speaking  of  the  unfavorable  season,  and 
its  effects  in  reducing  the  crop,  remarks:  “  Have  picked 
from  same  class  of  land  frequently  from  1,800  to  2,000  lbs. 
seed  cotton  per  acre,  by  the  use  of  250  to  300  lbs.  of  fer¬ 
tilizer  per  acre.” 

Experiment  of  Elijah  Bellflower ,  Dawson,  Terrell  County ,  on 

Cotton . 

Soil. — Red  upland,  with  hard  red  subsoil;  been  in  cul¬ 
tivation  83  years  without  rest;  cultivated  in  ground  peas 
in  1875. 

February  15th,  1876,  subsoiled  with  Brinly’s  subsoil 
plow  7  inches  deep.  Furrows  opened  8th  of  March  with 
eight  inch  shovel,  and  fertilizers  distributed  and  listed 
upon  ;  cotton  planted  April  16th.  Plat  arranged  as  di¬ 
rected. 

Cultivation. — Sided  May  4th  with  scooter;  chopped 
out  on  5th ;  plowed  out  23d  May  with  four-inch  scooter, 
and  hoed  24th;  plowed  June  19th  with  fourteen-inch 
solid  sweep,  three  furrows  to  the  row;  July  10th  same 
plowing  ;  hoed  and  laid  by  on  14th.  Cotton  seriously  in¬ 
jured  by  drouth  and  rust — Mr  Bellflower  thinks  one-half. 

aGeorgia  State  Grange  Fertilizer,  200  pounds  per  acre . 585  lbs  seed  cotton  per  acre 

aBarry’s  Chemical  Fertilizer,  200  pounds  per  acre . 545  . 

aAtlantie  Acid  Phosphate,  200  pounds  per  acre .  500  . 

Empire  Guano,  200  pounds  per  acre . * . 480  . 

Homo  compost,  200  pounds  per  acre . 300  . 

Without  fertilizer . 100  . .  . 

Experiment  of  L.  F.  Livingston,  Covington ,  Newton  County , 

on  Cotton. 

Soil. — Sandy  loam,  with  red  clay  subsoil ;  fresh  land  ; 
third  crop  ;  cultivated  in  corn  1874  and  1875. 

Cotton  planted  May  1st ;  plowed  four  times,  and  hoed 


61 


three  times  ;  first  plowing  done  with  shovel — balance  with 
sweep.  Seasons  uniformly  good. 

aWando  Fertilizer,  176  pounds  per  acre . 495  lbs.  seed  cotton  per  acre 

aCumberland  Super-Phosphate,  176  pounds  per  acre.,. . 499 

Merryman’s  Arn’d  Dis.  Bone,  176  lbs  per  acre . 575 

Without  fertilizer . . . ,307%  ••• 

tfPopplein’s  Silicated  Super  Phosphate  was  applied  to 
corn  with  no  perceptible  effect. 

Experiment  of  A.  Roff}  Calhoun ,  Gordon  County . 

Mr.  Roff  received  ^Dobb’s  Chemicals,  ^Baldwin  &  Co.’s 
Ammoniated  Superphosphate,  and  ^Eureka  Ammoniated 
Bone  Superphosphate,  and  applied  them,  as  directed,  to 
cotton,  which,  in  consequence  of  heavy  rains,  failed  to 
come  up.  It  being  then  too  late  to  plant  again  in  cotton, 
the  land  was  planted  in  peas.  He  says  :  “  The  peas  were 
at  least  five  times  as  good  as  those  by  the  side  unfertilized. 
Frost  being  early,  I  did  not  gather  one  fifth  of  them.” 

Experiment  of  J.  C.  Wilson ,  Watkinsville ,  Oconee  County ,  on 

Cotton . 

Soil,  cultivation,  seasons,  etc.,  not  described. 

cGuanihaui  Guano,  200  lbs,  per  acre . . . . 836  lbs.  seed  cotton  per  acre 

Without  fertilizer . 462  ... 

He  says  the  ^Brighton  Ammoniated  Raw  Bone  Super¬ 
phosphate  was  applied  to  cotton  without  much  increase- 
weights  not  given. 

Experiment  of  R.  L.  Foreman ,  DeKalb  County ,  ( P .  O . 

Atlanta),  on  Cotton . 

March  17th,  furrows  were  opened  with  turn-plow,  fol¬ 
lowed  by  diamond  point  scooter  in  the  same  forrow.  Fer¬ 
tilizers  were  applied  and  listed  on  with  turning  plow  March 
23d  ;  sided  first  time  with  scooter.  Subsequent  cultiva¬ 
tion  done  with  the  sweep.  Stand  not  very  good — better 
where  Leyden’s  Ammoniated  Soluble  Guano  was  applied 
than  where  Leibig’s  Formula  was. 

Leyden’s  Am’d  Soluble  Guano  200  pounds  per  acre . 980  lbs.  seed  cotton  per  acre 

aLeibig’s  Formula,  composted,  200  lbs.  per  acre . ......507  ... 

Without  fertilizer . . . . . 175  .. 


62 


Mr.  Foreman  received  #Ober’s  Phospho  Peruvian  too 
late  to  test  with  the  above,  but  used  it  under  cotton  on 
another  plat,  “  with  most  satisfactory  results.”  He  says 
Leibig’s  Formula  was  received  so  late  that  it  did  not  re¬ 
main  in  compost  long  enough  to  do  it  full  justice. 

Dr.  H.  H.  Cary ,  La  Grange,  Troup  County : 

Received  ^Bales’  Guano,  ^Leyden’s  Ammoniated  Sol¬ 
uble  Guano  and  ^Zell’s  Cotton  Acid  Phosphate,  and  ap¬ 
plied  them  to  corn,  which,  in  his  absence,  was  gathered 
through  mistake,  and  not  weighed. 

Dr.  /.  P.  Stevens ,  Leesburg ,  Lee  County : 

Received  #Qray’s  Fertilizing  Compound  and  #Mapes’ 
Nitrogenized  Super-Phosphate,  and  prepared  to  test  them 
very  carefully,  but  in  consequence  of  severe  drouth  the 
cotton  stopped  growing  in  July,  and  took  a  second  growth 
in  August.  The  crop  produced  by  the  second  growth 
was  not  gathered  until  January,  and  consequently  he 
could  not  report  the  results. 

Mr.  H.  L.  Battle ,  Wadley,  Jefferson  County : 

Received  ^Preston  &  Son’s  Ammoniated  Super-Phos¬ 
phate,  and  #Cresent  j  Bone  Super-Phosphate,  and  applied 
them  carefully  as  directed,  but  his  cotton  suffered  so 
severely  from  drouth  as  to  cause  a  complete  failure.  He 
says :  “I  do  not  believe  the  fertilizers  have  ever  been 
thoroughly  wet,  and  in  this  opinion  I  am  sustained  by  four 
capital  farmers  who  have  thoroughly  examined  my  ground.” 
Under  these  circumstances  Mr.  Battle  reported  no  results. 

Mr.  J.  F.  Hans ony  Rutledge ,  Morgan  Comity : 

Received  <?Sea  Gull  Ammoniated  Dissolved  Bone  and 
#South  Carolina  Dissolved  Bone,  (the  latter  too  late  to  be 
tested  in  1876,  stored  for  use  in  1877).  The  Sea  Gull 
was  applied  to  cotton  with  satisfactory  promise  to  August, 
when  it  was  very  seriously  injured  by  drouth.  The  re¬ 
port  of  results  was  made  out  and  forwarded  to  the  Depart¬ 
ment,  but  not  received.  After  sending  the  report,  he  failed 


63 


* 

to  preserve  his  memoranda,  and  when  asked  to  make  a 
second  report  could  not  do  so. 

Mr.  James  B.  P afford,  Kirkland's  Station ,  Coffee  County : 

Received  ^Mathis’  Chemical  Compound  and  ^Manipula- 
ted  Guano,  and  applied  them  to  cotton.  Results  not  re¬ 
ported. 

Mr.  Pearce  Horne ,  VarnelF s  Station ,  Whitfield  County : 

Received  ^Crescent  Bone,  ^Echols’  Acid  Phosphate 
and  ^Preston  &  Sons’  Ammoniated  Super-Phosphate,  and 
applied  them  to  cotton  ;  but  a  long  drouth  prevented  a 
stand.  It  being  too  late  to  plant  again,  the  land  was 
planted  in  Sorghum. 

Mr.  J.  N.  Montgomery ,  Ft.  Lamar ,  Madison  County  : 

Received  aG.  Ober&  Sons’  Dissolved  Bone,  and  applied 
it  to  bottom  land  planted  in  cotton.  He  failed  to  get  a 
stand,  and  consequently  did  not  report  results. 

Experiment  of  W.  A.  Davis ,  Macon ,  Bibb  County ,  on  Cotton. 

Mr.  Davis  experimented  with  E.  Frank  Coe’s  Dissolved 
Bone,  which  was  assigned  to  the  Bibb  County  Club,  of 
which  he  is  a  member. 

Soil. — Sandy  upland,  with  fine  clay  subsoil ;  no  fertili¬ 
zers  used  on  the  land  for  several  years  past.  It  was  in 
cotton  in  1875.  Furrows  were  opened  without  breaking 
flush  ;  fertilizers  distributed  and  land  bedded  out.  Cotton 
planted  27th  of  April.  It  was  plowed  four  times  ;  1st  with 
double  footed  plow,  a  four-inch  scooter  in  front  and  a 
seven-inch  shovel  in  rear.  All  subsequent  plowing  done 
with  wide  sweep  at  intervals  of  eighteen  days.  It  was 
hoed  twice  after  chopping ;  cotton  left  about  ten  inches  in 
the  drill,  two  stalks  to  the  hill.  Laid  by  last  of  July. 
Seed  of  the  Simpson  variety.  Seasons  good  throughout. 

Without  Fertilizer .  560  Iba  seed  cotton  per  acre 

Whann’s  Raw  Bone  Super-Phos.  200  pounds  per  acre . 1225  . 

aE.  Frank  Coe’s  Dissolved  Bone,  200  pounds  per  acre . 1155 . 

The  following  gentlemen,  to  whom  the  brands,  accom- 


64 


# 

panying  their  names,  were  sent  for  test,  have  failed  to 
report  results  : 

H.  P.  Mattox ,  Elberton ,  Ga Wattson  &  Clark’s  Super¬ 
phosphate  Zell’s  Cotton  Acid  Phosphate. 

J.  F.  Lewis ,  Thomaston ,  G#..-  Guanape  Guano,  Mapes’ 
Nitrogenized  Super-phosphate,  Sea  Gull  Ammoniated  Dis¬ 
solved  Bone. 

Mr.  Lewis  has  moved  to  Texas. 

H.  L.  Long ,  Leesburg ,  G#.  .*  Barry’s  Compound  Bi-phos¬ 
phate,  C.  C.  Coe’s  Super-phosphate,  Dugdale’s  Ammoni¬ 
ated  Super-phosphate,  Grange  Mixture. 

H.  R.  /.  Long ,  Athens ,  G#..*  Dickson’s  Compound, 
Eagle  Ammoniated  Dissolved  Bone,  Merryman’s  Dis¬ 
solved  Bone. 

G.  7F.  Howard ,  Rising  Fazvn ,  G#..*  Land  Plaster,  Eti- 
wan  Crop  Food  Chemicals,  Peruvian  Guano. 

Mr.  Howard  died  in  December,  1876. 

L.  B.  Willis ,  Greensboro ,  G#.;  Whann's  Raw  Bone  Sup.- 
phosphate,  Diamond  Ammoniated  Dissolved  Bone. 

Jas.  R.  Brozun,  Canton ,  G#..*  Bradley’s  Ammoniated  Dis¬ 
solved  Bone,  Stern’s  Ground  Bone, 

J.  J.  A.  Sharp ,  Canton ,  G#.:  Crescent  Bone  Super-phos¬ 
phate,  Powhatan  Raw  Bone  Super-phosphate,  Manhattan 
Blood  Guano. 

G.  P.  Poe,  Columbus ,  G#;  Ober’s  Soluble  Ammoniated 
Super-phosphate,  Pendleton’s  Ammoniated  Super-phos¬ 
phate,  Wando  Acid  Phosphate. 

5.  T.  Player ,  Thomasville,  Ga.:  Stern’s  Ammoniated 
Bone  Super-phosphate. 

y.  G.  Lazvton ,  Forsyth ,  G#,  *, — Navassa  Guano  Am¬ 
moniated,  Soluble  Pacific  Guano,  Leyden’s  Ammoniated 
Soluble  Guano,  Bradley’s  Patent  Super  Phosphate. 

Williams  Rutherford,  Knoxville,  Ga.  .-—Dickson  Fertili- 


\ 


65 


zer  (A),  Ladd’s  Alkaline  Fertilizer,  Navassa  Acid  Phos¬ 
phate. 

Jolm  R.  Wimberly ,  Ft .  Valley ,  Ga.  Etiwan  Dissolved 
Bone,  24 pr.  cent.  Soluble  Sea  Island  Guano. 

Bibb  County  Agricultural  Club ,  had  Ober’s  Dissolved 
Bone,  E.  Frank  Coe’s  Dissolved  Bone,  and  Chesapeake 
Guano,  assigned.  The  Society  failed  to  report,  but  Mr.  W. 
A.  Davis,  to  whom  part  of  these  assignments  were  given, 
reported  his  experiment— -the  last  one  given. 


Remarks. 

WHAT  IS  AN  EXPERIMENT? 

This  is  an  important  question  which  should  be  thoroughly 
understood  in  this  age  of  progressive  agriculture. 

There  are  so  many  factors  whichi  nfluence  results  in  agri¬ 
cultural  experiments,  that  extreme  care  and  accuracy  are 
necessary  to  eliminate  all,  save  the  single  subject  of  in¬ 
vestigation. 

Agricultural  experiments  consist  in  asking  Nature  simple 
and  definite  questions,  relieved  as  far  as  possible  of  all 
complications.  It  is  of  the  first  importance,  then,  that  the 
interrogator  should  have  a  clear  and  definite  idea,  not  only 
of  the  character  of  the  information  desired,  but  of  the  pre¬ 
cautions  necessary  to  remove  all  obstacles  to  a  definite 
answer  and  a  correct  interpretation  of  the  results. 

In  a  test  of  fertilizers  the  only  difference  in  the  treat¬ 
ment  of  the  plats  should  be  the  kind  of  fertilizer  used. 
The  land  should  be  uniform  in  character  and  quality ; 
should  have  had  the  same  treatment  in  every  respect  for 
some  years  previous  to  the  test  ;  should  have  the  same 
preparation,  cultivation,  the  same  number  of  stalks  to  the 
row ;  and  the  rows  fertilized  with  different  brands,  should 
be  sufficiently  removed  from  each  other  to  be  beyond  the 
5 


66 


reach  of  the  lateral  roots  of  the  plants  If  the  different 
fertilizers  are  applied  to  adjacent  rows  the  lateral  roots  of 
the  plants  in  each  row  will  receive  the  benefit  of  the  fertil¬ 
izer  applied  to  the  rows  on  each  side,  and  hence  impair 
the  value  of  the  test.  It  was  for  this  reason,  that  experi- 
mentors  were  directed  to  apply  each  brand  to  four  rows 
and  to  use  only  the  middle  two  rows  for  the  test. 

In  order  to  secure,  at  the  same  time,  a  just  comparison 
of  the  effects  of  the  various  brands  with  the  production  of 
the  soil  unaided  by  artificial  fertilizers,  each  alternate  four 
rows  was  required  to  be  left  without  fertilizers,  and  the 
middle  tw  o  rows  of  these  used  for  the  test.  By  this  means 
irregularities  in  the  natural  fertility  of  the  soil  are  detected 
and  proper  allowance  made  for  such  variations  in  interpret¬ 
ing  results.  It  will  be  seen  that  under  this  system  the 
rows  used  for  the  test,  supposing  the  width  of  rows  to  be 
three  feet,  were  nine  feet  apart,  and  hence  beyond  the 
reach  of  the  lateral  roots  of  the  plants  to  which  different 
fertilizers  were  applied. 

The  seasons,  of  course,  exert  an  important  influence 
upon  the  effects  of  fertilizers,  and  careful  observation  of 
both  rainfall  and  temperature  is  necessary.  Careful  record 
of  the  frequency  and  manner  of  cultivation,  is  essential 
to  intelligent  interpretation  of  results.  Deep  cultivation 
followed  by  drouth  would  affect  more  injuriously  the  fer¬ 
tilized  than  the  unfertilized  crop,  just  in  proportion  to  the 
effects  of  the  fertilizer  upon  the  advancement  in  size  and 
fruitage  of  the  plant.  A  drouth  occurring  in  July  or 
August  will  also  affect  most  injuriously  that  portion  of  the 
crop  having  the  largest  quantity  of  fruit,  and  thus  seriously 
diminish  the  increased  production  of  the  fertilized  as  com¬ 
pared  with  the  unfertilized  plats. 

QUESTIONS  TO  BE  CONSIDERED  IN  INTERPRETING  THE  EFFECTS 

OF  A  FERTILIZER. 

1st  The  influence  upon  the  stand  of  plants.  This  is 


67 


often  a  very  important  effect  of  fertilizers,  resulting  in  suffi¬ 
cient  benefit  in  this  one  respect,  to  pay  for  the  fertilizer. 

2d.  Such  an  invigoratiofi  of  the  plant  as  to  enable  it  to 
resist  the  effects  of  cold  and  the  attacks  of  insects. 

3d.  Hastening  the  growth  and  fruitage  of  the  plant. 
This  secures  a  crop  in  advance  of  unpropitious  seasons 
and  extends  the  area  of  production  into  sections  in  which 
the  seasons  are  too  short  without  such  hastening  of  growth 
to  mature  the  crop. 

4th.  By  hastening  maturity,  gathering  and  marketing 
the  crop  is  facilitated,  and  a  better  quality  secured. 

5th.  Promptness  in  return  of  profit  on  the  capital  invest¬ 
ed,  combined  with  permanent  improvement  of  the  soil. 

6th.  Increase  in  the  quantity  and  quality  of  the  produc¬ 
tions,  over  those  of  the  unaided  soil. 

7th.  The  best  returns  from  the  smallest  outlay. 

These  are  questions  to  be  considered  by  planters  in 
selecting  fertilizers  and  in  observing  their  effects.  None 
should  be  used  without  a  carefully  conducted  test  of  their 
merits  and  the  profits  resulting  from  their  use,  compared 
with  the  production  of  the  natural  soil.  By  this  means 
each  planter  can  determine  for  himself  not  only  the  char-  - 
acter  of  the  fertilizer  best  adapted  to  his  soil,  but  the  exact 
profit  resulting  from  its  application. 

Farmers  who  have  not  conducted  accurate  tests  on  their 
own  soils,  may  avail  themselves  of  the  foregoing  experi¬ 
ments,  by  observing  the  descriptions  of  the  soil  and  select¬ 
ing  those  which  have  been  conducted  on  soil  similar  in 
character  to  their  own. 

There  is  a  want  of  accuracy  in  many  of  these  experiments, 
as  might  be  expected  in  such  a  large  number,  conducted 
under  such  varied  circumstances,  by  nearly  one  hundred 
different  parties  ;  but  they  have  the  merit  of  having  been 
generally  conducted  with  care  in  Nature’s  true  laboratory, 
and  under  natural  conditions  which  give  them  greater  value 
than  even  more  careful  experiments  on  a  smaller  scale 


68 


with  artificial  surroundings.  Experiments  purely  scien¬ 
tific  are  valuable  in  their  place,  but  the  deductions  drawn 
from  them  often  fail  to  be  verified  by  results  in  nature’s 
laboratory. 

COMMENTS  ON  THE  EXPERIMENTS. 

The  seasons  last  year,  were  generally  favorable  for  the 
test  of  fertilizers  until  the  1st  to  10th  of  August,  after 
which  there  was  a  general  drouth  in  the  State  which  stopped 
production.  There  were  some  localities  in  which  the  cot¬ 
ton  was  seriously  injured  by  drouth  earlier  than  August, 
and  a  few  in  which  the  seasons  continued  later.  Notwith¬ 
standing  the  drouth  the  results  from  the  use  of  fertilizers 
have  generally  been  both  profitable  and  satisfactory.  The 
per  cent,  of  increase,  both  on  the  production  of  the  natu¬ 
ral  soil  and  on  the  cost  of  the  fertilizers,  is  often  beyond 
the  expectation  of  the  most  sanguine. 

The  experiment  of  Mr.  Simon  Smith,  of  DeKalb,  (page 
5),  seems  to  have  been  conducted  with  great  care  and 
accuracy  on  very  thin  land, which  contained  a  super-abund¬ 
ance  of  undecomposed  vegetable  matter. 

Taking  the  best  result  from  the  use  of  fertilizers  in  Plat 
No.  1,  Ammoniated  Soluble  Bone,  (Pratt’s  Patent),  200 
lbs.  per  acre  produced  691J  lbs.  seed  cotton  per  acre, 
wdiile  the  land  by  the  side  of  it,  without  fertilizer,  pro" 
duced  only  78J  lbs.  This  is  786  per  cent,  on  the  produc¬ 
tion  of  the  unaided  soil,  and  489  per  cent,  on  the  invest¬ 
ment.  This  is  a  very  remarkable  result  and  is  instructive 
in  showing  the  advantage  of  vegetable  matter  in  the  soil 
when  the  commercial  fertilizers  are  used  alone. 

The  results  in  Plat  No.  2,  (page  6),  are  also  instructive, 
showing  comparatively  poor  results  from  the  use  of  com¬ 
post,  probably  on  account  of  the  quantity  of  vegetable  mat¬ 
ter  in  the  soil.  This  result,  compared  with  those  on  other 
soils  denuded  of  vegetable  matter,  seems  to  corroborate 
the  opinion  previously  expressed,  that  the  remarkable  re¬ 
sults  obtained  from  the  use  of  composts,  are  due  in  part,  to  # 


69 


the  fact  that  they  partially  supply  the  deficiency  of  the 
soil  in  humus  ;  at  the  same  time  that  they  furnish,  directly, 
food  for  the  growing  plant, 

We  find  that  Merryman’s  Dissolved  Bone  compost,  200 
lbs.  per  acre,  produced  437J  lbs.  seed  cotton  per  acre, 
while  the  soil  without  fertilizer  produced  52J  lbs.  This  by 
the  use  of  200  lbs.  per  acre  of  compost,  gives  744  per  cent, 
on  the  production  of  the  natural  soil,  and  677  per  cent,  on 
the  investment. 

The  cost  of  applying  the  fertilizers  is  not  considered  in 
these  calculations.  It  costs  no  more  to  cultivate  the  fertil¬ 
ized  than  the  unfertilized  plat ;  so  that  the  increased  pro¬ 
duction  may  be  credited  almost  entirely  to  the  use  of  the 
fertilizer. 

Mr.  Smith  had  the  same  number  of  stalks  in  each  row. 
This  seems  at  first  glance  perfectly  fair,  but  it  probably 
had  the  effect  of  increasing  the  difference  in  favor  of  the 
fertilizers,  as  cotton  is  generally  left  thicker  on  thin,  than 
on  good  land. 

The  experiment  of  Mr.  John  Turner,  of  Hancock  (page  9), 
is  instructive.  He  has  been  experimenting  for  several  years, 
and  understands  thoroughly  the  manipulation  and  man¬ 
agement  of  composts.  His  results  are  reliable.  Taking 
the  highest  result  from  the  use  of  commercial  fertilizers — 
that  of  Echols’  Raw  Bone  Superphosphate,  851  lbs.  seed 
cotton  per  acre — and  comparing  it  with  the  production  of 
the  natural  soil,  the  per  cent,  of  increase  over  production 
is  157,  and  on  the  investment  250.  Taking  the  best  re¬ 
sult  from  the  use  of  compost,  Barry’s  Fertilizer  composted 
gave  829  lbs.  seed  cotton  per  acre,  which  is  145  per  cent, 
increase  on  the  production  of  the  unaided  soil,  and  891 
per  cent,  on  the  investment. 

The  experiment  of  Mr,  Treadwell  (pages  10-11)  is  de¬ 
fective  in  having  the  rows  in  sets  of  two  to  each  fertilizer, 
since  the  cotton  in  the  unfertilized  rows  received  some 
Benefit  from  the  adjacent  fertilized  rows.  This  probably 


70 


caused  the  increase  resulting  from  the  use  of  the  fertilizer 
to  be  less  than  it  should  have  been. 

The  results  from  the  use  of  Stono  Acid  Phosphate  and 
National  Soluble  Bone,  neither  of  which  is  ammoniated, 
in  the  experiment  of  Mr.  Jas.  F.  Little,  of  Talbot  (page 
11),  are  remarkable,  and  probably  due  to  the  fact  that  the 
land  had  been  in  wheat  in  1875,  the  decomposition  of  the 
vegetable  matter  supplying,  to  some  extent,  the  ammonia 
necessary  for  the  plant.  Mr.  Little  gives  no  account  of 
the  seasons,  which  might  have  influenced  the  results  from 
the  ammoniated  fertilizers. 

In  the  experiment  of  Mr.  Hamilton  (pages  12-13),  there 
are  two  defects,  viz :  1.  The  seed  were  rolled  in  fertilizer. 
This  affected,  to  some  extent,  the  results  on  the  unfertil¬ 
ized  rows,  and  impaired  the  test ;  2.  He  composted  oyster- 
shell  lime  with  cotton  seed  and  stable  manure.  The 
results  show  that  he  lost  his  ammonia  and  ruined  his  com¬ 
post,  by  the  use  of  lime,  since  the  application  of  even  400 
lbs.  produced  less  than  the  natural  soil.  The  contrast  be¬ 
tween  the  effects  of  the  lime  compost  and  the  Acid  Phos¬ 
phate  compost,  is  very  striking. 

Dr.  Lavender  (page  15)  used  in  compost  the  South 
Carolina  Phosphate  Flour,  which  had  not  been  treated 
with  sulphuric  acid.  The  results  are  not  very  satisfactory, 
as  the  application  of  1,000  lbs.  of  the  compost  produced 
only  39  lbs.  of  seed  cotton  more  than  200  lbs.  of  Ober’s 
S.  C.  Dis.  Bone  Phosphate,  which  contains  no  ammonia, 
but  has  12.65  per  cent,  of  available  phosphoric  acid.  Fur¬ 
ther  experiment  will  be  necessary  to  establish  the  utility 
of  substituting  the  phosphate  flour  for  acid  phosphate,  as 
a  composting  material. 

While  a  single  experiment  neither  establishes  an  agri¬ 
cultural  fact  nor  condemns  a  theory,  farmers  are  advised 
to  hold  to  facts  already  established  and  to  test  by  careful 
experiment  the  efficacy  of  the  phosphate  flour  before  risk¬ 
ing  a  crop  upon  its  use. 


i 


71 


The  results  of  the  experiment  of  Mr.  Montgomery 
(page  17),  while  due  to  the  effects  of  the  fertilizers,  are 
partly  owing  to  their  influence  in  securing  a  stand,  and 
partly  to  the  increased  productiveness  of  the  plants,  re¬ 
sulting  from  the  food  supplied  them  by  the  fertilizer.  The 
incorporation  of  the  fertilizers  with  the  soil,  by  the  use  of 
the  “  iron  foot  plow,”  run  in  the  bottom  of  the  furrow,  is 
an  admirable  practice,  which,  though  requiring  one  extra 
furrow  to  the  row,  will  amply  repay  the  labor. 

Mr.  McDaniel’s  experiments  (pages  20-24),  were  in  the 
main  conducted  with  much  care,  but  their  value  was  de¬ 
stroyed  by  the  application  of  50  lbs.  per  acre  with  the 
seed,  over  the  whole  plat.  There  being  already  a  suffi¬ 
cient  quantity  applied  to  the  fertilized  rows,  the  effect  of 
this  fifty  lbs.  per  acre  was  more  decided  in  increasing  the 
yield  on  the  unfertilized  than  the  fertilized  rows. 

The  experiments  are  therefore  valuable  only  as  compar¬ 
ative  tests  of  the  effects  of  different  fertilizers,  and  not  of 
their  effects  in  increasing  the  productiveness  of  the  soil. 

The  experiment  of  Mr.  Respess,  of  Schley  county  (page 
28),  plat  No.  3,  is  very  interesting,  as  an  illustration  of  the 
effects  of  a  very  small  quantity  of  fertilizers  applied  in  the 
drill, 

Mr.  Respess  used  two  samples  of  Etiwan  Guano.  That 
purchased  on  the  market  increased  the  production  56  per 
cent.;  that  received  from  the  Department,  42  per  cent., 
which  shows  at  least  that  the  sample  received  from  the  De¬ 
partment  was  not  a  “fixed  up  ”  sample. 

The  National  Soluble  Bone  compost,  100  lbs.  per  acre, 
gave  42  per  cent,  on  production,  and  1,944  on  the  invest¬ 
ment. 

Wilcox  &  Gibbs’  Manipulated  Guano,  100  lbs.  per  acre, 
gave  33-J  per  cent,  on  production,  and  324  per  cent,  on 
investment, 

The  experiment  of  Mr.  Stewart,  of  Henry  county  (page 
39),  Is  interesting  as  showing  the  effects  of  fertilizers  on 


72 


clover  land  well  supplied  with  vegetable  matter.  It  also 
shows  a  marked  correspondence  between  the  chemical  and 
soil  analysis  of  the  fertilizers  used.  Dickson’s  Compound, 
which  contained  6.25  of  available  phosphoric  acid  and 
3.00  per  cent,  of  ammonia,  gave  42  per  cent,  on  produc¬ 
tion  and  63  per  cent,  on  the  investment. 

The  Eagle  Ammoniated  Superphosphate,  which  con¬ 
tained  10.00  of  available  phosphoric  acid  and  2.60  per 
cent,  of  ammonia,  gave  100  per  cent,  on  production,  and 
365  per  cent,  on  the  investment — -each  applied  at  the  rate 
of  200  lbs.  per  acre. 

The  Atlantic  Acid  Phosphate  compost,  300  lbs  per  acre, 
gave  116  per  cent,  on  production  and  1,244  per  cent,  on 
the  investment. 

The  experiment  of  Dr.  Linton,  (pages  42-43),  compared 
with  others  in  which  more* ‘faith”  was  felt  in  composts, 
shows  the  mistake,  so  common  with  those  who  have  not 
experimented  with  them,  in  using  too  much  compost  per 
acre. 

It  is  more  than  probable  that  200  lbs.  per  acre  of  the 
Etiwan  Dissolved  Bone  compost  would  have  given  more 
satisfactory  results  than  the  quantity  used — 1167  lbs.  per 
acre.  This  has  been  demonstrated  by  a  large  number  of 
experiments.  Such  large  quantities  should  only  be  applied 
broadcast. 

There  are  some  results  in  the  foregoing  experiments 
which  are  difficult  to  explain.  It  will  be  observed  that  in 
quite  a  number  of  instances,  plain,  super  or  acid  phosphates, 
in  which  there  is  no  ammonia,  have  equalled  the  produc¬ 
tion  of  ammoniated  compounds  of  high  grade. 

It  will  not  be  proper  to  conclude  from  these  tests  that 
it  is  not  necessary  to  apply  ammonia  as  a  fertilizer  to  the 
soil,  though  equal  results  were  obtained  without  it. 

In  some  instances  there  was  much  vegetable  matter  in 
the  soil,  which  may  have  supplied,  during  its  decomposition, 
sufficient  ammonia  for  the  plant.  Again,  the  general  drouth 


73 


which  occurred  in  August,  affected  the  highly  ammoniated 
fertilizers  more  seriously  than  those  containing  none. 

Again,  the  composts  plainly,  by  analysis,  contain  a 
smaller  per  cent,  of  the  principal  elements  of  plant  food 
than  do  the  high  grade  commercial  fertilizers,  and  yet  give 
uniformly  satisfactory  results  from  even  smaller  applica¬ 
tions  per  acre. 

Their  peculiar  efficacy  must,  therefore,  be  due  to  the 
peculiar  combinations  in  which  their  plant  food  exists  and 
to  a  combined  chemical  and  mechanical  action  upon  the 
soil. 

Farmers  are  urged  to  examine  carefully  the  results  in  the 
foregoing  experiments,  and  to  compare  them  with  the 
chemical  analyses  of  the  various  brands  as  given  in  Circular 
No.  26,  which  was  issued  last  June. 

’  4 


The  Table  commencing  on  the  next  page ,  shows  the  Anal¬ 
ysis .  the  Commercial  or  true  value ,  the  Price  at  which  sold , 
the  name  of  the  principal  Dealer  in  the  State ,  and  the  name 
of  the  person  or  firm  by  whom  manufacture dy  and  where ,  of 
every  brand  that  has  been  inspected  and  analyzed  this  season  ; 
except  that  some  prices  which  coiild  not  be  obtained  are 
wanting . 


* 


TABLE  OF  ANALYSES. 


74 


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78 


Remarks  on  the  Analyses  and  Prices. 

The  prices,  of  the  elements  of  plant  food  in  fertilizers— 

« 

Available  Phosphoric  Acid,  Ammonia,  and  Potash — used 
in  the  calculations  of  commercial  values  last  year,  were 
too  high,  being  above  the  true  market  price  or  value  of 
the  same  ;  but  were  retained  for  the  purpose  of  convenient 
comparison  with  the  values  of  the  year  previous. 

The  following  prices  have  been  adopted  for  the  present 
season,  being  the  nearest  possible  approximation  to  the 
true  value  at  Savannah,  of  the  elements  of  plant  food  in 
fertilizers,  viz : 

Available  Phosphoric  Acid,  12J  cents  per  lb. 

Ammonia . 18  “  “  “ 

Potash .  8  “  “  “ 

These  are  the  elements  for  which  the  farmer  pays  his 
money,  and  these  alone  should  be  considered  in  making 
purchases.  To  illustrate  :  Take  “  Etiwan  Dissolved  Bone, 
29  per  cent,”  which  is  prepared  for  composting.  It  has 
14.70  per  cent,  of  Available  Phosphoric  Acid,  or  14.70 
lbs.  in  every  100  lbs.,  or  294  lbs.  in  a  ton  ;  which,  at  12J 
cents  per  pound,  amounts  to  $ 36.75  as  the  true  value  of  a 
ton  of  that  brand. 

Farmers  will  promote  their  interest  by  carefully  exam¬ 
ining  the  analyses  and  prices  before  purchasing.  Compare 
Commercial  Values  with  Cash  Prices,  and  try  to  obtain 
the  largest  amount  of  plant  food  at  the  least  cost.  It  will 
be  seen  that  some  of  the  brands  among  those  containing 
the  highest  per  cent,  of  plant  food,  are  sold  at  a  lower 
price  than  those  containing  a  lower  per  cent. 

The  results  of  the  Experiments  given  in  this  Circular, 
compared  with  the  analyses  given  in  Circular  No.  26,  show 
that  it  is  safe  to  purchase  by  the  analysis,  which  states  the 
exact  number  of  pounds  of  plant  food  contained  in  100 
pounds  of  the  fertilizer. 

Available  Phosphoric  Acid  is  worth  12J  cents  per  pound, 
no  matter  from  what  source  it  comes ;  and  the  farmer 


79 


should  not  pay  more  than  that  price  for  it.  The  same  is 
true  of  Ammonia  and  Potash  at  the  prices  named  for  these 
elements. 

There  is  nothing  in  the  name  under  which  a  fertilizer  is 
sold.  The  same  article  is  often  sold  under  several  differ¬ 
ent  names,  at  prices  varying  from  five  to  ten  dollars  per 
ton.  Farmers  should  look  to  the  quality ,  and  the  price, 
regardless  of  names . 

The  table  of  analyses  supplies  all  the  information  neces¬ 
sary  to  a  judicious  selection. 

Some  dealers  declined  to  give  prices;  in  such  cases  they 
are  omitted. 

Note  — The  Insoluble  Phosphoric  Acid  has  not  been 
considered  in  the  calculation  of  Commercial  Values  in  the 
table,  since  it  is  not  immediately  available  as  plant  food ; 
but  it  is  proper  to  say,  that  if  derived  from  pure  ground 
bone  it  is  valuable,  if  immediate  results  are  not  sought. 


Formula;  for  Composting. 

Reprint  (with  some  changes')  from  Circular  No.  22, 

If  the  stable  manure  and  cotton  seed  have  been  pre¬ 
served  under  shelter,  and  the  compost  is  to  be  used  on  red 
oak  and  hickory  lands,  use  the  following : 

No.  1. 


Stable  manure . . . .... .  750  pounds 

Cotton  seed  (gfeen) . . . .  750  “ 

Acid  Phosphate  or  Dissolved  Bone . . . ..  500  “ 


Making  a  ton  of  . . . 2,000  “ 


DIRECTIONS  FOR  COMPOSTING. 

Spread  under  shelter  a  layer  of  stable  manure  four  inches 
thick;  on  this  sprinkle  a  portion  of  the  phosphate;  next 
spread  a  layer  of  cotton  seed  three  inches  thick;  wet  these 
thoroughly  with  strong  brine ,  and  sprinkle  with  phosphate  ; 


80 


next  spread  another  layer  of  stable  manure  three  inches 
thick.  Continue  to  repeat  these  layers  in  the  above  order 
until  the  material  is  consumed.  Cover  the  whole  mass 
with  stable  manure  or  scrapings  from  the  lot  one  or  two 
inches  thick.  Allow  the  heap  to  stand  in  this  condition 
until  a  thorough  fermentation  takes  place,  which  will  re¬ 
quire  from  three  to  six  weeks,  according  to  circumstances, 
dependent  upon  moisture  and  the  strength  of  the  materials 
used.  When  the  cotton  seed  are  thoroughly  killed,  with 
a  sharp  hoe  or  mattock,  cut  down  vertically  through  the 
layers ;  pulverize  and  shovel  into  a  heap,  where  the  fer- 
mentation  will  be  renewed  and  the  compost  be  still  further 
improved.  Let  it  lie  two  weeks  after  cutting  down  ;  it 
will  then  be  ready  for  use. 

FOR  COTTON. 

Apply  in  the  opening  furrow  200  pounds  per  acre,  and 
with  the  planting  seed  75  or  100  pounds  per  acre,  making 
in  all  275  or  300  pounds  per  acre.  If  it  is  desired  to 
apply  a  larger  quantity  per  acre,  open  furrows  the  desired 
distance  and  over  them  sow  broadcast  400  pounds  per 
acre  ;  bed  the  land,  and  then  apply  100  pounds  per  acre 
with  the  seed. 

FOR  CORN. 

Apply  in  the  hill  by  the  side  of  the  seed,  half-pint  to 
the  hill.  An  additional  application  around  the  stalk  before 
the  first  plowing,  will  largely  increase  the  yield  of  grain. 

For  sandy  pine  lands,  dissolve  sixty  pounds  of  muriate 
of  potash  in  warm  water,  and  sprinkle  a  proportionate 
quantity  of  the  solution  on  each  layer  of  stable  manure 
and  cotton  seed.  The  same  weight  of  cotton  seed  and 
manure,  or  sixty  pounds  of  the  two,  maybe  omitted  when 
the  potash  is  used. 

If  lot  manure,  or  that  which  has  been  so  exposed  as  to 
lose  some  of  its  fertilizing  properties,  is  composted,  use — 


81 


No.  2. 


Lot  manure . . . . . . Sort  pound* 

Cotton  seed . 650 

Acid  Phosphate . . . ...  600  “ 

Sulphate  cf  Ammonia . 60 

Muriate  of  Potash . 40  “ 


Making  a  ton  of . . . .<..2,000  “ 

% 

Mix  as  in  No.  1,  except  that  the  sulphate  of  ammonia 
and  muriate  of  potash  must  be  dissolved  in  warm  water, 
and  a  proportionate  part  of  each  sprinkled  on  each  layer 
of  manure  and  cotton  seed. 


No.  3. 


To  utilize  the  marl  found  in  the  southern  part  of  the 
State,  if  containing  20  per  cent,  or  more  of  lime,  use — 


Marl . 

Muck,  or  rich  vegetable  mould 

Acid  Phosphate . 

Agricultural  salt....... . 

Muriate  of  potash . . 


600  pounds 
600  “ 

500  “ 

200  “ 

100  *« 


Making  a  ton  of..... . . . . . . . . 2,000  “ 

Mix  thoroughly  the  ingredients  and  allow  them  to  stand 
a  few  weeks ;  apply  from  300  to  400  pounds  per  acre,  to 
cotton  or  corn  in  the  drill. 

This  marl  may  also  be  profitably  used,  either  naturally 
or  burned,  in  combination  with  salt,  at  the  rate  of  10 
bushels  of  marl  to  one  of  salt,  and  applied  broadcast  over 
pea  vines  or  other  green  vegetable  matter,  and  all  turned 
into  the  ground  with  a  good  turning  plow. 

Neither  marl  ?ior  lime  should  be  applied  to  land  deficient 
in  vegetable  matter. 

Directions  for  the  use  of  these  composts  have  been  given 
only  for  corn  and  cotton — the  two  crops  to  which  fertilizers 
are  principally  applied  in  Georgia.  Experience,  however, 
has  shown  them  to  be  equally  efficacious  when  applied  to 
other  crops,  either  field  or  garden. 

From  300  to  400  pounds  to  the  acre  on  small  grain  have 
produced  satisfactory  results. 

6 


82 


By  reference  to  the  foregoing  tables  of  analyses,  etc.,  it 
will  be  seen  that  acid  phosphate  or  dissolved  bone  of  high 
grade  can  be  purchased  at  from  thirty  to  thirty-five  dollars 
per  ton ,  so  that  the  actual  outlay  need  not  exceed  $7.50  per 
ton  of  the  compost  when  500  pounds  of  phosphate  are 
used,  as  in  formula  No.  1. 

In  making  these  composts  the  proportions  of  stable 
manure  and  cotton  seed  may  be  varied  to  suit  the  supply 
at  command,  though  care  must  be  taken,  if  the  cotton  seed 
are  largely  in  excess,  to  avoid  excessive  heat  and  conse¬ 
quent  cooking  of  the  seed.  When  killed,  the  seed  should 
be  soft  enough  to  be  readily  mashed  between  the  fingers. 

In  the  foregoing  formulae  the  potash  may  be  omitted  on 
lands  comparatively  fresh  and  on  which  the  original 
growth  was  oak  and  hickory  ;  but  if  such  lands  have  been 
much  worn,  it  will  be  well  to  retain  it.  The  presence  of 
oak  and  hickory,  or  other  potash  consuming  growth,  is  an 
indication  of  the  presence  of  potash  in  the  soil.  When 
such  lands,  however,  have  been  so  worn  that  when  turned 
out,  stunted  old  field  pines  spring  up,  it  is  safe  to  assume 
that  the  addition  of  a  moderate  quantity  of  potash  will 
increase  production. 

The  economy  and  profit  of  the  compost  system  is  no 
longer  a  debatable  question  with  practical  farmers.  How¬ 
ever  much  the  pseudo-scientist,  who  rejects  facts  which 
his  theories  fail  to  explain,  may  endeaver  to  turn  it  to  ridi¬ 
cule  as  “unscientific,”  with  the  true  economist  and  practi¬ 
cal  agriculturist,  the  solid  facts  derived  from  the  crucial 
test  of  nature’s  laboratory,  will  outweigh  all  his  theories 
and  the  shallow  sophistry  by  which  he  seeks  to  sustain 
them. 

The  true  scientist,  however,  does  not  shut  his  eyes  to 
facts,  but  uses  them  as  material  of  which  to  build  his 
theories. 

It  is  earnestly  hoped  that  the  farmers  throughout  the 
State  will  avail  themselves  of  the  advantages  of  the  com- 


83 


post  system  this  year,  to  the  full  extent  of  the  home  man¬ 
ures  that  have  been  properly  husbanded,  and  prepare  to 
save,  under  shelter,  all  available  excrementitious  deposits 
from  all  kinds  of  stock,  for  the  compost  heaps  of  the  next 
season. 

A  due  regard  to  economy  in  this  respect  will  be  worth 
millions  of  dollars  annually  to  the  farmers  of  the  State,  in 
money  saved  and  in  increased  production. 

The  experiments  conducted  with  care  last  year  in  every 
portion  of  the  State,  and  on  every  variety  of  soil,  are  con¬ 
clusive  demonstrations  corroborative  of  results  previously 
obtained  by  their  use.  The  contrast  between  the  profits 
on  the  cost  of  the  compost  and  commercial  fertilizers  is 
too  striking  to  need  further  comment.  A  careful  exami¬ 
nation  of  the  results  in  the  different  experiments,  is  invited. 

This”  circular  has  been  delayed  longer  than  it  should,  in 
the  hope  of  having  it  contain  Analyses  of  nearly  all  the 
fertilizers  that  will  be  on  the  Georgia  market  during  the 
season.  Only  a  small  number  have  come  into  market  in 
time ;  enough,  however,  it  is  hoped,  to  enable  farmers  to 
make  judicious  selections  at  fair  prices. 

A  circular  containing  the  average  Analyses  of  every 
brand  inspected  during  the  whole  season  of  1876-7,  with 
the  statistics  of  the  trade  in  fertilizers  in  the  State,  will  be 
published  at  the  end  of  the  season. 


Respectfully  submitted, 


Commissioner  of  Agriculture . 


ERRATA. 


Page  15,  Peter  Slatesberry,  should  be  Peter  Stotesberry. 
Page  35,  in  the  experiment  of  J.  R.  Cooper,  “  Bradley’s 
Ammoniated  Soluble  Bone,”  should  be  “  Bradley’s  Am- 
moniated  Dissolved  Bone.” 


INDEX. 


» 


Abaco  Guano . 

Allison,  H.  L.  W . 

Ammoniatecl  Soluble  Bone,  (Pratts). 

Analyses  of  Fertilizers . 

Analyses  of  Fertilizers — Remarks  on 

Atlantic  Acid  Phosphate . 

r  Atlantic  Fertilizer . 

''li U v/  IJu  f  1 1  G  i'  '  ?  J  1  •  “  ▼  \ 

Ashes  and  salt . . . 


20,  27,  29 


. 5,  6,  35,  43 

. 74 

. 78 

33,  36,  39,  56,  57,  60 

. 11, 13,  19 

. . 34 


Baldwin,  E.  S . 

Baldwin  t&'Co.’s  Ammoniated  Dissolved  Bone 

Bale’s  Guano . 

Bales’  Chemical . 

Bahama  Soluble  Guano . 

Battle,  H.  L . 

Barry’s  Chemical  Fertilizer . 

Barry’s  Clay  Land  Fertilizer. .  . 

Barry’s  Compound  Bi- Phosphate . 

Barry’s  Grangers’  Fertilizer . 

Bellflower,  Elijah, . 

Black,  Geo.  S . 

Blood  Guano  [Manhattan] . 

Blue  Bone  Super-phosphate . 

Bibb  County  Agricultural  Society . 

Boswell,  J.  O . 

Bradley’s  Ammoniated  Dissolved  Bone . 

Bradley’s  Patent  Super-phosphate. ...  . 

Bridge,  F.  L . 

Brighton  (Upton’s)  Raw  Bone . 

Brown,  J.  R . 

Browning,  J.  A . . . 

Bunn,M.  H . .  . 

Burnt  Bone . 

Burton,  Robert . . . . . 


. 49 

. ....5,6,48,61 

.  11,  32,  37,62 

. 46,  54 

. !  . .  7,  33,  45,  54 

. *. .  62 

.  8,  38,  56,  57,  60 

. 10 

. ,.  25,  26,  34,64 

.  43,  54, 

. 60 

. 55 

. 7,  16,  64 

. .  8,  37,  38,  53 

. . . 65 

. 29 

8,  12,  17, 18,  19,  27,  35,  64 

.  39,  42,  52,  64 

. 44 

. . .  5,  6,  18,  38,  40,  61 

. 64 

. 19 

. 51 

. 11 

. . 16 


Carolina  Fertilizer . 

Cary,  H.  II . .  ... 

Castoria, . 

C.  C.  Coe’s  Super-phosphate 
Chesapeake  Guano . . 


.  .  32,  44,  59 

. 62 

. 29,  55 

. . .  25,  26,  64 
31,  39,  54,  65 


85 


\ 


0 


Climax  Super-phosphate . 27,  52 

Clover  sod — Experiment  on . 39 

Colquitt,  W.  J . 12 

Composts,  (Home) . 12,  31,  32,  36,  44,  50,  53,  57,  60 

Composting,  Rules  for . 4,  79 

Commercial  values . 74 

Commercial  values — how  to  calculate  them . 77 

Commercial  value  of  a  pound  of  Fertilizing  Element . 78 

Cotton  Compound  Ammoniated  Dissolved  Bone . 5,  6,  31,  54 

Cotton  seed  (in  composts) . 8,  12,  13 

Cotton  Seed  Compost .  25, 32,  59 

Cotton  seed .  47,  49,  50,  59 

Cooper,  J.  K . 35 

Cox,  J.  M . 19 

Crescent  Bone  Super-Phosphate .  62,63,64 

Cumberland  Bone  Super-phosphate .  11,31,  32,  35,  61 

» 

Davis,  W.  A .  63 

Deckner,  Charles . 33 

Defiance  Superphosphate . 19,  37 

Dent,  Geo.  C .  55 

Diamond  Amm’d  Dis’d  Bone . • .  29,  39,  54,  64 

Dickson’s  Fertilizer  [A] .  34,  40,  64 

Dickson’s  Compound .  39,43,64 

Directions  for  Composting . 4,  79 

Directions  for  conducting  Soil  Tests . 3 

Dixon,  Thomas . . 47 

Dobbs’  Chemicals . 11,  48,  61 

Dugdale’s  Ammoniated  Superphosphate .  25,  26,  64 

Eagle  Ammoniated  Bone  Superphosphate .  38,  39,  64 

Echols’  Acid  Phosphate .  10,  37,  38,  63 

Echols’  Raw  Bone  Superphosphate . 45,  60 

Edenfield,  E.  H . 54 

Edmondson,  W.  P . 42 

E.  Frank  Coe’s  Dissolved  Bone .  . 63,  65 

E.  Frank  Coe’s  Ammoniated  Bone  Superphosphate. .  7,  13,  14,  34,  35,  46 

Empire  Guano . 60 

Enoch  Coe’s  Ammoniated  Bone  Superphosphate . 11,  33 

Etiwan  Crop  Food  Chemicals .  . 15,  47,  64 

Etiwan  Dissolved  Bone .  9,  12,  14,  18,  21,  22,  23,  37,  43,  49,  65 

Etiwan  Guano . 9,  10, 28,  31,  58 

Eureka  Ammoniated  Bone  Superphosphate . 11, 12,  48,  61 

Everett,  R.  W . 57 

Excellenza  Cotton  Fertilizer. .  28,55,58 


86 


% 


Experiments  with  Fertilizers,  Results  of .  . 5 

Experiment  with  Fertilizers,  Remarks  on . 65 


Fannin,  James  H . .  86 

Farmers’  Fertilizing  Compound . 41,42 

Felton,  L.  M . 25 

Flour  of  S.  C.  Phosphate . 16 

Foreman,  R.  L . 61 

Fowl-house  Manure .  21,  22,  23,  48 

Formulae  for  Composting . 79 

Frederick,  J.  D . 18 


Gee,  B.  H . 59 

Georgia  State  Grange  Fertilizer. . .  12,  13,  16,  19,  35,  50,  52,  54,  56,  58,  59 

Georgia  State  Grange  Dissolved  Bone . 35,  38 

Grange  Mixture .  15,  17, 18,  21,  22,  32,  64 

Gray’s  Fertilizing  Compound . ( .  29,  37,  62 

Grier,  E.  C . 34 

Ground  Bone .  11 

Guanape  Guano . . .  29,  45,  64 

Guanihani  Guano . 15,  38,  61 


Hamilton,  T.  A . 12 

Hanson,  J.F . 62 

Hape,  Samuel . 28 

Hardaway,  R  H .  43 

Heard,  E.  B . 30 

Hen  Manure .  21,  22,  23,  43 

Hix,  William . 32 

Home  Composts .  .  12,  31,  32,  36,  44,  50,  53,  57,  60 

Horn,  Daniel  A . 31 

Horne,  Pearce . 63 

Howard,  C,  W . 64 

Huie,  John  M . 51 

Hutchins,  P.  R . 26 


Jones,  J.  B . 45 

Jones,  Reuben . 12 

Kilgore,  W.  C . 37 

Kimbrough,  T.  H . 25 

King,  J.  Roswell . 55 

Ladd’s  Alkaline  Fertilizer .  65 

Land  Plaster .  27,  32,  50,  55,  64 

Latimer,  Johu  R . 53 


87 


t 


r 


Lavender,  J.  S . 15 

Lawton,  J.  S . 64 

LeSueur,  B . 25 

Lewis,  Jobn  F . 64 

Leyden’s  Ammoniated  Soluble  Guano .  48,  61,  62,  64 

Liebig’s  Formula . 21,  22,  28,  42,  61 

Lime . 50 

Lindley,  J.  T . 39 

Linton,  J.  S . 42 

Little,  James  F. . . 11 

Little,  Willis . . 40,  41 

Livingston,  L.  F . 60 

Logan’s  Southern  Fertilizing  Compound . 12,  14,  15,  34,  35,  40 

Long,  H.  L . s . 64 

Long,  H.  R.  J . 64 


Mandeville,  Jas.  F . 

Manhattan  Blood  Guano . 

Manipulated  Guano . 

Mape’s  Nitrogcnized  Superphosphate 

Mathis’  Chemical  Compound . 

Mathews,  W.  P . 

Mattox,  H.  P .  . 

Mattox,  H.  W . . 


. 38 

. 7,16,48,64 

27,  28,  31,  34‘  47,  48,  55,  63 

. 51,  62,  64 

. 8,  34,  51,  63 

. 37 

. 64 

. 31 


McDaniel,!  O . 

McElmurrav,  Jas.  H.- . 

Merryraan’s  Am’d  Dis’l’d  Bone. .  6,  9,  12, 13, 

Merryman’s  Dissolved  Rone . 

Minor’s  Ammoniated  Superphosphate . 

Montgomery,!.  N . 

Montgomery,  W.  S . 

Munro,  G.  W.  C . 


20 


17,  18,  19,  40,  43,  47,  55,  61 

. 45,  51,  64 

. 19,  31,  49,  59 

. 63 


...17 

46,47 


National  Soluble  Bone  (Pratt’s) 
Navassa  Acid  Phosphate..... 
Navassa  Guano — Ammoniated. 

Neal,  James  L .  . 

Nelson,  W.  K . 


11,  15,  18,21,22,28,  38 

. 58,  65 

.  40,  45,  64 

ry 

. i 

. 13 


Ober’s  Dissolved  Bone . . 10,  63,  65 

Ober’s  Genuine  Phosplio-Peruvian .  ...  17,  41,  62 

Ober’s  Sol.  Am’d  Superphosphate .  19,  25,  84,  36,  43,  64 

Ober’s  S.  C.  Dis’d  Bone  Phosphate .  16,  27,  53,  62 

Ogletree,  A . 17 

Oyster-shell  Lime . . 13,  19,  44 


88 


Paden,  M.  S. .  . ‘......36 

Pafford,  J.  B. . . 63 

Palmetto  Acid  Phosphate . . 19,  55 

Patapsco  Soluble  Guano .  26,  35,  36,  5? 

Pattillo,  James...,, . *, . 33 

P.  B.  and  P.  Soluble  Bone . 27,  31 

Pendleton’s  Compound .  11,  21.  22,  23,  34,  64 

Peruvian  Guano .  31,  32,  58,  64 

Phoenix  Guano . -  9,  49,  51 

Phosphate  Flour  (S.  C.,) . 16 

Plaster .  27,  32,  50,  55  64 

Player,  S.  T . 64 

Poe,  O.  P . t . . 64 

Popplein’s  Silicated  Superphosphate . 49,  51,  61 

Powhatan  Raw  Bone  Superphosphate .  53,  59,  64 

Pratt’s  Fertilizers .  5,  6, 11,  15,  18,  21,  22,  28,  29,  35,  43 

Preston  &  Son’s  Am’d  Superphosphate .  59,  62,  63 

Prices  of  Fertilizers  (in  table) . 74 

Pritchett,  M.  L . 45 

Ragan,  R.  J . 38 

Ragsdale’s  Ammoniated  Bone  Superphosphate . 5,  6,  10,  27,  40 

Remarks  on  the  Experiments .  65 

Remarks  on  the  Analyse*. . . 78 

Respess,  J.  R . 28 

Roff,  Aaron . 61 

Rowland’s  (Solomon’s)  Chemical  Compound .  34,  35,  54 

Russell  Coe’s  Ammoniated  Bone  Superphosphate  . . 19,  35,  39 

Rutherford,  Williams . 64 


Salt . 

Salt  and  Ashes . 

Sanders,  C.  M . 

Sardy’s  Acid  Phosphate . 

Sardy’s  Ammoniated  Soluble  Pacific. . . 

Sardy’s  Dissolved  Bone  .  . 

Sardy’s  Pliospho-Peruvian . 

Sea  Fowl  Guano  [B.  D.] . 

Sea  Gull  Ammoniated  Dissolved  Bone*. 

Sharpe,  J.  J.  A . . 

Sheppard,  C.  C . 

Smith,  B.  C . 

Smith,  Jubilee . . 

Smith,  Wm.  A  . 

Smith,  Simeon . 

Soil  Tests — Rules  for  conduct  ing . 


. .  36,  50 

. 34 

.  8 

12,  17, 18,  50,  52 

. 16,  34,  55 

. . . . 16,  34 

. . . .  9,  26,  27, 32 

. .  11,16,31,32 

.  32,  62,  G4 

. 64 

. . .48 

. 41 

. 59 

. .  6 


Q 

<> 


Soil  Tests — Remarks  on . . . . 65 

Soil  Tests — Results  of .  5 

Solomon’s  (Rowland’s)  Chemical  compound  . 20,  34,  35,  54 

Soluble  Pacific  Acid  Phosphate . 26, 31, 50 

Soluble  Pacific  Guano .  11,  25,  32,  35,  39, 43,  50, 53, 55,  57,  59,  64 

Soluble  Sea  Island  Guano .  11,  29,  40,  41,  50,  65 

South  Carolina  Dissolved  Bone  Phosphate .  16,  27,  53,  62 

South  Carolina  Phosphate  Flour .  . . 16 

Speight,  T.  E .  52 

Sproull,  C.  W . * . , . 43 

Stable  Manure . , . 12,  43 

Stallworth,  Thos.  H . 50 

State  Grange  Fertilizers, . .10,  12,' 13, 16,  19,  35,  38,50, 52,  54,  56,  59 

Stern’s  Ammoniated  Super-phosphate . 10,  37,  40,  56,  57,  64 

Stern’s  Ground  Bone . 50,  60 

Stevens,  J.  P . 62 

Stewart,  W.  A . 39 

Stokes,  A.  W . 54 

Stono  Acid  Phosphate. ...  .  11,  21,  22,  23,  34,  50 

Stono  Soluble  Guano .  8,  12, 16, 19,  35,  50, 

Stotesberry,  Peter .  15 

Strong’s  Ammoniated  Super-phosphate . 5,  6,  7,  20 

Studs  till,  Wm . 26 

Sturgis,  A.E . 43 

Tarver,  A.  E . 34 

Tennessee  Valley  Guano . 33,  42 

Tests  (soil)  of  Fertilizers.  Rules,  Results,  Remarks . 3,  5,  65 

Thornton,  F.  P . 58 

Towers’  Compost . 57 

Treadwell,  J.  W .  10 

Turner,  John .  9 

Turner,  J.  P . 42 

Turner,  W.  W . 59 


Upton’s  (Brighton)  Ammoniated|Super-pliosphate. ...  5,  6,  18,  38,  40,  61 


Values — How  to  calculate  them . 77 

Value  of  a  pound  of  Fertilizing  Element  . 78 


Wando  Acid  Phosphate .  6,  22,  23, 34,  64 

Wando  Fertilizer . 12,46,  61 

Ward,  M.  B  .  7 

Ware,  J.  B  .  31 

Warthen,  Macon . 57 


90 


\ 


30 


112 


62151 


70 


Wattson&Olark’s  Super-phosphate,  7,  12,  21,  22,  23,  32,  34,  35, 48,  54,  64 


Whami’s  Raw  Bone  Superphosphate, .  11, 14,  16,  32,  35,  63,  64 

Whitlock's  Yegetator .  . 18,  40,  41,  60 

Wilcox  &  Gibb's  Fertilizers .  9,  27,  28,  31,  34, 47,  48,  49, 51,  55,  63 

Williams  &  Brumby’s  Ground  Bone .  29,  43,  59 

Wilson’s  Super-phosphate.. . 25 

Wilson,  John  C . . . 61 

Willis,  L.  B . 64 

Wingfield,  John  T . 49 

Wimberly.  John  R .  65 

Youngblood,  J.  T . 58 

Zell’s  Cotton  Acid  Phosphate . : . 31,  62,  64 

Zell’s  Ammoniated  Bone  Super  phosphate . 14,  16,  45,  58 


/ 


